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. 2022 Nov 23;13(12):2198.
doi: 10.3390/genes13122198.

Oculo-Cutaneous Albinism Type 4 (OCA4): Phenotype-Genotype Correlation

Ester Moreno-Artero  1 , Fanny Morice-Picard  2 , Eulalie Lasseaux  3 , Matthieu P Robert  4   5 , Valentine Coste  6 , Vincent Michaud  3   7 , Stéphanie Leclerc-Mercier  8 , Dominique Bremond-Gignac  4   9 , Benoit Arveiler  3   7 , Smail Hadj-Rabia  1
Affiliations

Oculo-Cutaneous Albinism Type 4 (OCA4): Phenotype-Genotype Correlation

Ester Moreno-Artero et al. Genes (Basel). .

Abstract

Albinism is a genetic disorder, present worldwide, caused by mutations in genes affecting melanin production or transport in the skin, hair and eyes. To date, mutations in at least 20 different genes have been identified. Oculo-cutaneous Albinism type IV (OCA4) is the most frequent form in Asia but has been reported in all populations, including Europeans. Little is known about the genotype-phenotype correlation. We identified two main phenotypes via the analysis of 30 OCA4 patients with a molecularly proven diagnosis. The first, found in 20 patients, is clinically indistinguishable from the classical OCA1 phenotype. The genotype-to-phenotype correlation suggests that this phenotype is associated with homozygous or compound heterozygous nonsense or deletion variants with frameshift leading to translation interruption in the SLC45A2 gene. The second phenotype, found in 10 patients, is characterized by very mild hypopigmentation of the hair (light brown or even dark hair) and skin that is similar to the general population. In this group, visual acuity is variable, but it can be subnormal, foveal hypoplasia can be low grade or even normal, and nystagmus may be lacking. These mild to moderate phenotypes are associated with at least one missense mutation in SLC45A2.

Keywords: OCA4; SLC45A2; foveal hypoplasia; genetics; hypopigmentation; oculo-cutaneous albinism.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The clinical picture of patients from group 1 and group 2. Patients P17 (A) and P7 (B) belong to group 1. They presented with white hair, eyelashes and eyebrows. Patient P29 (C, group 2) presented with blond hair and brown eyes.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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