Evolution and Expression Patterns of the Fructose 1,6-Bisphosptase Gene Family in a Miracle Tree (Neolamarckia cadamba)

Abstract

Neolamarckia cadamba (N. cadamba) is a fast-growing tree species with tremendous economic and ecological value; the study of the key genes regulating photosynthesis and sugar accumulation is very important for the breeding of N. cadamba. Fructose 1,6-bisphosptase (FBP) gene has been found to play a key role in plant photosynthesis, sugar accumulation and other growth processes. However, no systemic analysis of FBPs has been reported in N. cadamba. A total of six FBP genes were identifed and cloned based on the N. cadamba genome, and these FBP genes were sorted into four groups. The characteristics of the NcFBP gene family were analyzed such as phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, conserved motifs, and expression patterns. A cis-acting element related to circadian control was first found in the promoter region of FBP gene. Phylogenetic and quantitative real-time PCR analyses showed that NcFBP5 and NcFBP6 may be chloroplast type 1 FBP and cytoplasmic FBP, respectively. FBP proteins from N. cadamba and 22 other plant species were used for phylogenetic analyses, indicating that FBP family may have expanded during the evolution of algae to mosses and differentiated cpFBPase1 proteins in mosses. This work analyzes the internal relationship between the evolution and expression of the six NcFBPs, providing a scientific basis for the evolutionary pattern of plant FBPs, and promoting the functional studies of FBP genes.

Keywords: Neolamarckia cadamba; bioinformatics analysis; fructose 1,6-bisphosptase; phylogenetic analysis.

Figure 1

Phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, domains and motifs of FBP family in N. cadamba. (a) Protein maximum likelihood (ML) tree. (b) Gene structure, introns were shown as lines, exons and UTR were shown as blue and yellow rectangle, respectively. (c) The conserved domains, FBPase domains (PF00316) were highlighted by green. (d) The conserved motifs, all motifs were identified by MEME database.

Figure 2

Evolutionary Analysis of FBP homologous genes between N. cadamba and A. thaliana. The AtcyFBP and AtcyFBP1 represent the cytoplasmic FBP and the chloroplast FBP1 of A. thaliana, respectively.

Figure 3

Prediction of cis-acting elements in the promoter regions of FBP gene family in N. cadamba.

Figure 4

The expression patterns of NcFBPs genes in tissues of N. cadamba. The same capital letters indicate groups that are not significantly different from each other according to Duncan’s multiple range test, p = 0.01.

Figure 5

Phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of FBP family in 23 species. Cre represents C. reinhardtii, Ppa represents P. patens, Smo represents S. moellendorffii, Sit represents S. italica, Osa represents O. sativa, Zma represents Z. mays, Bhy represents B. hybridum, Msi represents M. sinensis, Sbi represents S. bicolor, Csi represents C. sinensis, Ath represents A. thaliana, Ptr represents P. trichocarpa, Atr represents A. trichopoda, Egr represents E. grandis, Aco represents A. coerulea, Stu represents S. tuberosum, Oeu represents O. uropaea, Car represents C. arabica, Vvi represents V. vinifera, Sly represents S. lycopersicum, Ghi represents G. hirsutum, Cka represents C. kanehirae, Nc represents N. cadamba.