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. 2022 Dec 16;11(24):4074.
doi: 10.3390/foods11244074.

The Loading of Epigallocatechin Gallate on Bovine Serum Albumin and Pullulan-Based Nanoparticles as Effective Antioxidant

Zikun Li  1 , Xiaohan Wang  1 , Man Zhang  1 , Hongjun He  1 , Bin Liang  2 , Chanchan Sun  1 , Xiulian Li  3 , Changjian Ji  4
Affiliations

The Loading of Epigallocatechin Gallate on Bovine Serum Albumin and Pullulan-Based Nanoparticles as Effective Antioxidant

Zikun Li et al. Foods. .

Abstract

Due to its poor stability and rapid metabolism, the biological activity and absorption of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is limited. In this work, EGCG-loaded bovine serum albumin (BSA)/pullulan (PUL) nanoparticles (BPENs) were successfully fabricated via self-assembly. This assembly was driven by hydrogen bonding, which provided the desired EGCG loading efficiency, high stability, and a strong antioxidant capacity. The encapsulation efficiency of the BPENs was above 99.0%. BPENs have high antioxidant activity in vitro, and, in this study, their antioxidant capacity increased with an increase in the EGCG concentration. The in vitro release assays showed that the BPENs were released continuously over 6 h. The Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) analysis indicated the presence of hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and electrostatic interactions, which were the driving forces for the formation of the EGCG carrier nanoparticles. Furthermore, the transmission electron microscope (TEM) images demonstrated that the BSA/PUL-based nanoparticles (BPNs) and BPENs both exhibited regular spherical particles. In conclusion, BPENs are good delivery carriers for enhancing the stability and antioxidant activity of EGCG.

Keywords: antioxidant activity; bovine serum albumin; epigallocatechin gallate; nanoparticles; pullulan.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The preparation process of BPNs (1) and BPENs (2).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Zeta potential of BPNs as a function of pH.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Turbidity curves (A) and visual appearance (B) of BSA and BPNs as a function of pH, without being heated and heated at 80 °C for 30 min. a–f represents pH 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, and 7.0, respectively.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Encapsulation efficiency (A) and loading rate (B) of BPENs. Histograms followed by different letters were significantly different at p < 0.05.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The in vitro antioxidant capacity of BPENs, as determined by the DPPH (A), ABTS (B), FRAP (C), and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity (D), respectively. Histograms followed by different letters were significantly different at p < 0.05.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The in vitro antioxidant capacity of BPENs, as determined by the DPPH (A), ABTS (B), FRAP (C), and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity (D), respectively. Histograms followed by different letters were significantly different at p < 0.05.
Figure 6
Figure 6
In vitro release curves (A) of EGCG and FTIR spectrum (B) of BSA, PUL, BPNs, BPENs.
Figure 7
Figure 7
TEM images of BPNs (1:1) (A) and BPENs (1.0) (B).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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