Burnout and Depressive Symptoms in Healthcare Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia

doi:10.3390/healthcare10122447

. 2022 Dec 5;10(12):2447.

doi: 10.3390/healthcare10122447.

Burnout and Depressive Symptoms in Healthcare Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia

Monira Alwhaibi^{1

2}, Tariq M Alhawassi^{1

2}, Bander Balkhi^{1

2}, Noha Al Aloola^{1

2}, Aliyah A Almomen³, Abdulaziz Alhossan¹, Sarah Alyousif^{4

5

6}, Bana Almadi¹, Maryam Bin Essa¹, Khalid M Kamal⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.
² Medication Safety Research Chair, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.
³ Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Pharmaceutical Care Department, MNGHA, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ College of Pharmacy, KSAH-HS, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Department of Pharmaceutical Systems and Policy, Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.

PMID: 36553971
PMCID: PMC9777671
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10122447

Burnout and Depressive Symptoms in Healthcare Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia

Monira Alwhaibi et al. Healthcare (Basel). 2022.

. 2022 Dec 5;10(12):2447.

doi: 10.3390/healthcare10122447.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.
² Medication Safety Research Chair, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.
³ Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Pharmaceutical Care Department, MNGHA, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ College of Pharmacy, KSAH-HS, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Department of Pharmaceutical Systems and Policy, Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.

PMID: 36553971
PMCID: PMC9777671
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10122447

Abstract

Objectives: The study objectives were to examine the prevalence of burnout among healthcare professionals, analyze the association of depression and burnout among healthcare professionals, and explore the factors related to burnout.

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study using a validated questionnaire was conducted among healthcare professionals in a tertiary teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia's central region. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) questionnaire was used to measure burnout through emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. Descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out using SAS version 9.4.

Results: The study sample was composed of 139 healthcare professionals. Around 48% of the study sample were nurses, 26% were physicians, 19% were pharmacists, and 6% were other healthcare professionals. About 61% screened positive for depression. Overall, one third of the participants had a high risk of burnout. Around 61.8% of the participants were in the high-risk group of the EE, 58.3% of the DP, and 41.0% of the PA subscales. Scores for the overall MBI were significantly different between various age groups, gender, those with social and financial responsibility, income, job titles, or years of experience. A higher risk of burnout in all subscales was observed among those with depression.

Conclusions: A high risk of burnout was observed among healthcare professionals. The level of burnout was connected to workplace factors and the presence of depression. The burnout suffering among these healthcare professionals underlines the need to study further how to reduce the factors that contribute to burnout and the impact of interventions to reduce healthcare professionals' burnout levels. The burnout scientific literature would benefit from further high-quality research with larger samples using longitudinal study designs to identify the causal risk factors.

Keywords: Maslach Burnout Inventory; burnout; depression; healthcare professionals.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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References

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[1] Perlman B., Hartman E.A. Burnout: Summary and future research. Hum. Relat. 1982;35:283–305. doi: 10.1177/001872678203500402. - DOI

[2] Perlman B., Hartman E.A. Burnout: Summary and future research. Hum. Relat. 1982;35:283–305. doi: 10.1177/001872678203500402. - DOI

[3] Marek T., Schaufeli W.B., Maslach C. Professional Burnout: Recent Developments in Theory and Research. Routledge; London, UK: 2017.

[4] Marek T., Schaufeli W.B., Maslach C. Professional Burnout: Recent Developments in Theory and Research. Routledge; London, UK: 2017.

[5] Maslach C., Leiter M.P. Understanding the burnout experience: Recent research and its implications for psychiatry. World Psychiatry. 2016;15:103–111. doi: 10.1002/wps.20311. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] Maslach C., Leiter M.P. Understanding the burnout experience: Recent research and its implications for psychiatry. World Psychiatry. 2016;15:103–111. doi: 10.1002/wps.20311. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Shoman Y., Rousson V., Bianchi R., Guseva Canu I. Holistic Assessment of Factors Associated with Exhaustion, the Main Symptom of Burnout: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2022;19:13037. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192013037. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[8] Shoman Y., Rousson V., Bianchi R., Guseva Canu I. Holistic Assessment of Factors Associated with Exhaustion, the Main Symptom of Burnout: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2022;19:13037. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192013037. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[9] Maslach C., Jackson S.E., Leiter M.P. MBI: Maslach Burnout Inventory. CPP, Incorporated Sunnyvale (CA); Sunnyvale, CA, USA: 1996.

[10] Maslach C., Jackson S.E., Leiter M.P. MBI: Maslach Burnout Inventory. CPP, Incorporated Sunnyvale (CA); Sunnyvale, CA, USA: 1996.

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Burnout and Depressive Symptoms in Healthcare Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia

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Burnout and Depressive Symptoms in Healthcare Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia

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