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. 2022 Dec 9;19(24):16563.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph192416563.

In Search for an Ionic Liquid with the Best Performance during 210Pb/210Bi Cherenkov Counting in Waters on an LS Counter

Ivana Stojković  1 , Milan Vraneš  2 , Teona Teodora Borović  2 , Nataša Todorović  3   4 , Jovana Nikolov  3 , Milka Zečević  1 , Slobodan Gadžurić  2 , Simona Mancini  4
Affiliations

In Search for an Ionic Liquid with the Best Performance during 210Pb/210Bi Cherenkov Counting in Waters on an LS Counter

Ivana Stojković et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

The research presented in this paper aims to investigate the performance of several newly synthesized ionic liquids during 210Pb/210Bi detection in water on a liquid scintillation spectrometer Quantulus 1220 via Cherenkov counting. These experiments have been triggered by the recent reports that certain ionic liquids can act as wavelength shifters, thus significantly increasing the detection efficiency of Cherenkov radiation. The benefit of ionic liquid's addition to the analysed samples is reflected in the detection limit's decrement during 210Pb quantification, which is pertinent considering naturally low levels of 210Pb in aqueous samples. Firstly, it was discovered that ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium salicylate, is more efficient than the previously explored 2-hydroxypropylammonium salicylate. Consequently, the impact of a few other ionic liquids on Cherenkov counting efficiency with the same cation group (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium benzoate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium 3-hydroxybenzoate and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium 4-hydroxybenzoate) was also explored to test their potential influence. Molecular simulations have been carried out to reveal which structures of ionic liquids assure wavelength-shifting behavior. The obtained results confirmed that, among the investigated ones, only ionic liquids with the salicylate anion exhibited a wavelength shifting effect.

Keywords: 210Pb/210Bi detection; Cherenkov counting; Quantulus 1220; ionic liquids.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure A1
Figure A1
1H and 13C NMR spectra for [Bmim][3HB].
Figure A1
Figure A1
1H and 13C NMR spectra for [Bmim][3HB].
Figure A2
Figure A2
1H and 13C NMR spectra for [Bmim][4HB].
Figure A2
Figure A2
1H and 13C NMR spectra for [Bmim][4HB].
Figure A3
Figure A3
1H and 13C NMR spectra for [HPA][Sal].
Figure A3
Figure A3
1H and 13C NMR spectra for [HPA][Sal].
Figure A4
Figure A4
1H and 13C NMR spectra for [Bmim][Sal].
Figure A4
Figure A4
1H and 13C NMR spectra for [Bmim][Sal].
Figure A5
Figure A5
1H and 13C NMR spectra for [Bmim][Ben].
Figure A5
Figure A5
1H and 13C NMR spectra for [Bmim][Ben].
Figure 1
Figure 1
Comparison of IL’s influence on 210Pb/210Bi detection efficiency: (a) [HPA][Sal] and [Bmim][Sal]; (b) Several ILs with [Bmim]+ cations.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Reproducibility tests for the two independent experiments: (a) Efficiency ratio for similar addition of [Bmim][Sal]; (b) Correlation between the obtained efficiencies.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Optimized structures with a representation of noncovalent interactions for: (a) [Bmim][3HB]; (b) [Bmim][4HB]; (c) [HPA][Sal]; (d) [Bmim][Sal]; (e) [Bmim][Ben].
Figure 4
Figure 4
The pictorial representation of a charge density for: (a) [Bmim][3HB]; (b) [Bmim][4HB]; (c) [HPA][Sal]; (d) [Bmim][Sal]; (e) [Bmim][Ben].
Figure 5
Figure 5
Representation of HOMO orbitals of: (a) [Bmim][3HB]; (b) [Bmim][4HB]; (c) [HPA][Sal]; (d) [Bmim][Sal]; (e) [Bmim][Ben].
Figure 6
Figure 6
Representation of LUMO orbitals of: (a) [Bmim][3HB]; (b) [Bmim][4HB]; (c) [HPA][Sal]; (d) [Bmim][Sal]; (e) [Bmim][Ben].
Figure 6
Figure 6
Representation of LUMO orbitals of: (a) [Bmim][3HB]; (b) [Bmim][4HB]; (c) [HPA][Sal]; (d) [Bmim][Sal]; (e) [Bmim][Ben].
Figure 7
Figure 7
The structure of ionic liquids and the atom-numbering scheme of: (a) [Bmim][3HB]; (b) [Bmim][4HB]; (c) [HPA][Sal]; (d) [Bmim][Sal]; (e) [Bmim][Ben].
Figure 7
Figure 7
The structure of ionic liquids and the atom-numbering scheme of: (a) [Bmim][3HB]; (b) [Bmim][4HB]; (c) [HPA][Sal]; (d) [Bmim][Sal]; (e) [Bmim][Ben].
Figure 8
Figure 8
Representation of Fukui indices (black represents HOMO f_NS and red represents LUMO f_NS): (a) [Bmim][3HB]; (b) [Bmim][4HB]; (c) [HPA][Sal]; (d) [Bmim][Sal]; (e) [Bmim][Ben].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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