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. 2022 Dec 9;19(24):16571.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph192416571.

Patterns of Changes in Respiratory Muscle Strength over 1 Year in Non-Sarcopenia, Sarcopenia, and Severe Sarcopenia

Yohei Sawaya  1   2 , Tamaki Hirose  1   2 , Masahiro Ishizaka  1 , Takahiro Shiba  2 , Ryo Sato  2 , Akira Kubo  1 , Tomohiko Urano  2   3
Affiliations

Patterns of Changes in Respiratory Muscle Strength over 1 Year in Non-Sarcopenia, Sarcopenia, and Severe Sarcopenia

Yohei Sawaya et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

In this prospective longitudinal cohort study, we explored the characteristics of older people with lower respiratory muscle strength, according to sarcopenia severity, over the course of 1 year. The maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), grip strength, walking speed, and skeletal muscle mass index of 58 participants (28 men, 30 women; mean age, 76.9 ± 7.7 years) were measured at baseline and at the 1-year follow-up. Participants were classified into a decreased MEP group (n = 29; MEP decreased by ≥10% after 1 year) and a non-decreased MEP group (n = 29; MEP decreased by <10%). Sarcopenia status in the mild direction at baseline was significantly associated with MEP decline after one year. Repeated two-way analysis of variance showed significant main effects of measurement time (p < 0.001) and severity of sarcopenia (p = 0.026), as well as a significant interaction effect (p = 0.006). Surprisingly, MEP decreased significantly in the non-sarcopenia and sarcopenia groups, but not in the severe sarcopenia group. Thus, individuals without sarcopenia and those with moderate sarcopenia at baseline are predisposed to MEP decline and should be closely monitored for signs of such decline and associated adverse events.

Keywords: Japan; elderly; maximum expiratory pressure; respiratory sarcopenia; sarcopenia.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart of participant selection. FEV1.0%, forced expiratory volume % in one second; HOT; home oxygen therapy; MEP, maximum expiratory pressure.
Figure 2
Figure 2
One-year changes in maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) in the non-sarcopenia, sarcopenia, and severe sarcopenia groups based on repeated two-way analysis of variance. Bars in the figure indicate the standard errors. MEP shows a significant interaction between the measurement time and severity of sarcopenia. Measurement time (baseline, follow-up) and severity of sarcopenia (non-sarcopenia, sarcopenia, severe sarcopenia) had significant main effects on MEP values. * Significant simple main effect of measurement time. ** Significant multiple comparison of sarcopenia severity (significant simple main effect observed at both baseline and follow-up).
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