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Review
. 2022 Dec 19;11(24):7537.
doi: 10.3390/jcm11247537.

Axial Spondyloarthritis: Reshape the Future-From the "2022 GISEA International Symposium"

Fausto Salaffi  1 , Cesare Siragusano  2 , Alessandra Alciati  3 , Giulia Cassone  4 , Salvatore D'Angelo  5 , Serena Guiducci  6 , Ennio Giulio Favalli  7   8 , Fabrizio Conti  9 , Elisa Gremese  10 , Florenzo Iannone  11 , Roberto Caporali  7   8 , Marco Sebastiani  4 , Gian Franco Ferraccioli  12 , Giovanni Lapadula  11 , Fabiola Atzeni  2
Affiliations
Review

Axial Spondyloarthritis: Reshape the Future-From the "2022 GISEA International Symposium"

Fausto Salaffi et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

The term "axial spondyloarthritis" (axSpA) refers to a group of chronic rheumatic diseases that predominantly involve the axial skeleton and consist of ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, arthritis/spondylitis associated with psoriasis (PsA) and arthritis/spondylitis associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Moreover, pain is an important and common symptom of axSpA. It may progress to chronic pain, a more complicated bio-psychosocial phenomena, leading to a significant worsening of quality of life. The development of the axSpA inflammatory process is grounded in the complex interaction between genetic (such as HLA B27), epigenetic, and environmental factors associated with a dysregulated immune response. Considering the pivotal contribution of IL-23 and IL-17 in axSpA inflammation, the inhibition of these cytokines has been evaluated as a potential therapeutic strategy. With this context, here we discuss the main pathogenetic mechanisms, therapeutic approaches and the role of pain in axSpA from the 2022 International GISEA/OEG Symposium.

Keywords: axial spondyloarthritis; pain; pathogenesis; therapy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The classification of central sensitization (CS) pain requires two major steps: the exclusion of neuropathic pain and the differential classification of nociceptive versus central sensitization pain. The algorithm for CS pain categorization in SpA is described here.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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