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. 2022 Dec 19;11(24):7540.
doi: 10.3390/jcm11247540.

Risk Factors for COVID-19 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A National, ENEIDA-Based Case-Control Study (COVID-19-EII)

Yamile Zabana  1   2 , Ignacio Marín-Jiménez  3 , Iago Rodríguez-Lago  4 , Isabel Vera  5 , María Dolores Martín-Arranz  6 , Iván Guerra  7 , Javier P Gisbert  2   8   9 , Francisco Mesonero  10 , Olga Benítez  1 , Carlos Taxonera  11 , Ángel Ponferrada-Díaz  12 , Marta Piqueras  13 , Alfredo J Lucendo  2   9   14 , Berta Caballol  2   15 , Míriam Mañosa  2   16 , Pilar Martínez-Montiel  17 , Maia Bosca-Watts  18 , Jordi Gordillo  19 , Luis Bujanda  2   20 , Noemí Manceñido  21 , Teresa Martínez-Pérez  22 , Alicia López  23 , Cristina Rodríguez-Gutiérrez  24 , Santiago García-López  25 , Pablo Vega  26 , Montserrat Rivero  27 , Luigi Melcarne  28 , María Calvo  29 , Marisa Iborra  2   30 , Manuel Barreiro de Acosta  31 , Beatriz Sicilia  32 , Jesús Barrio  33 , José Lázaro Pérez Calle  34 , David Busquets  35 , Isabel Pérez-Martínez  36 , Mercè Navarro-Llavat  37 , Vicent Hernández  38 , Federico Argüelles-Arias  39 , Fernando Ramírez Esteso  40 , Susana Meijide  41 , Laura Ramos  42 , Fernando Gomollón  2   43 , Fernando Muñoz  44 , Gerard Suris  45 , Jone Ortiz de Zarate  46 , José María Huguet  47 , Jordina Llaó  48 , Mariana Fe García-Sepulcre  49 , Mónica Sierra  50 , Miguel Durà  51 , Sandra Estrecha  52 , Ana Fuentes Coronel  53 , Esther Hinojosa  54 , Lorenzo Olivan  55 , Eva Iglesias  56 , Ana Gutiérrez  2   57 , Pilar Varela  58 , Núria Rull  59 , Pau Gilabert  60 , Alejandro Hernández-Camba  61 , Alicia Brotons  62 , Daniel Ginard  63 , Eva Sesé  64 , Daniel Carpio  65 , Montserrat Aceituno  1   2 , José Luis Cabriada  4 , Yago González-Lama  5 , Laura Jiménez  7 , María Chaparro  2   8   9 , Antonio López-San Román  10 , Cristina Alba  11 , Rocío Plaza-Santos  12 , Raquel Mena  13 , Sonsoles Tamarit-Sebastián  14 , Elena Ricart  2   15 , Margalida Calafat  2   16 , Sonsoles Olivares  17 , Pablo Navarro  18 , Federico Bertoletti  19 , Horacio Alonso-Galán  20 , Ramón Pajares  21 , Pablo Olcina  22 , Pamela Manzano  1 , Eugeni Domènech  2   16 , Maria Esteve  1   2 , On Behalf Of The Eneida Registry Of Geteccu
Affiliations

Risk Factors for COVID-19 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A National, ENEIDA-Based Case-Control Study (COVID-19-EII)

Yamile Zabana et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

(1) Scant information is available concerning the characteristics that may favour the acquisition of COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess these differences between infected and noninfected patients with IBD. (2) This nationwide case−control study evaluated patients with inflammatory bowel disease with COVID-19 (cases) and without COVID-19 (controls) during the period March−July 2020 included in the ENEIDA of GETECCU. (3) A total of 496 cases and 964 controls from 73 Spanish centres were included. No differences were found in the basal characteristics between cases and controls. Cases had higher comorbidity Charlson scores (24% vs. 19%; p = 0.02) and occupational risk (28% vs. 10.5%; p < 0.0001) more frequently than did controls. Lockdown was the only protective measure against COVID-19 (50% vs. 70%; p < 0.0001). No differences were found in the use of systemic steroids, immunosuppressants or biologics between cases and controls. Cases were more often treated with 5-aminosalicylates (42% vs. 34%; p = 0.003). Having a moderate Charlson score (OR: 2.7; 95%CI: 1.3−5.9), occupational risk (OR: 2.9; 95%CI: 1.8−4.4) and the use of 5-aminosalicylates (OR: 1.7; 95%CI: 1.2−2.5) were factors for COVID-19. The strict lockdown was the only protective factor (OR: 0.1; 95%CI: 0.09−0.2). (4) Comorbidities and occupational exposure are the most relevant factors for COVID-19 in patients with IBD. The risk of COVID-19 seems not to be increased by immunosuppressants or biologics, with a potential effect of 5-aminosalicylates, which should be investigated further and interpreted with caution.

Keywords: 5-aminosalicylates; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; immunosuppression; inflammatory bowel disease.

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Conflict of interest statement

Y. Zabana has received support for conference attendance, speaker fees, research support and consulting fees from AbbVie, Adacyte, Almirall, Amgen, Falk Pharma, FAES Pharma, Ferring, Janssen, Otsuka, Pfizer, Shire, Takeda, Galapagos, Boehringer Ingelheim and Tillots. I. Marín-Jiménez has received financial support for travelling and educational activities from or has served as an advisory board member to MSD, Pfizer, AbbVie, Amgen, Takeda, Janssen, Sandoz, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Faes Farma, Ferring, Falk Pharma, Tillotts Pharma, Kern Pharma, Fresenius, Chiesi, Galapagos, Gebro Pharma, and Otsuka Pharmaceutical. I. Rodríguez-Lago has received financial support for travelling and educational activities from or has served as an advisory board member to MSD, Pfizer, AbbVie, Takeda, Janssen, Tillotts Pharma, Roche, Celltrion, Ferring, Falk Pharma, Adacyte and Otsuka Pharmaceutical. MD Martín-Arranz has received fees as a speaker, consultant and advisory member for or has received funding from MSD, AbbVie, Hospira, Pfizer, Takeda, Janssen, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Tillots Pharma, and Faes Pharma. J. P Gisbert has served as speaker, consultant, and advisory member for or has received research funding from MSD, Abbvie, Pfizer, Kern Pharma, Biogen, Mylan, Takeda, Janssen, Roche, Sandoz, Celgene, Gilead/Galapagos, Ferring, Faes Farma, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Falk Pharma, Tillotts Pharma, Chiesi, Casen Fleet, Gebro Pharma, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, and Vifor Pharma. F. Mesonero has served as a speaker or has received education funding or advisory fees from MSD, Abbvie, Takeda, Janssen, Pfizer, Kern Pharma, Ferring and Falk Pharma. O. Benítez has received financial support for travelling and educational activities from Janssen, Biogen and MSD. C. Taxonera has served as a speaker, consultant, and advisory board member for or has received research funding from MSD, AbbVie, Pfizer, Takeda, Janssen, Ferring, Faes Pharma, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Falk Pharma, Galapagos, and Tillots. M. Piqueras has received financial support or has served as speaker for Takeda, Abbvie and Janssen. N. Manceñido has been a consultant or speaker for Abbvie, Janssen, Takeda, Ferring, Chiesi, Falk Pharma and Tillotts Pharma. M. Rivero has served as a speaker, consultant and advisory member for Merck Sharp and Dohme, Abbvie, Pfizer, Takeda and Janssen. M. Barreiro has served as a speaker, consultant and advisory member for or has received research funding from MSD, AbbVie, Janssen, Kern Pharma, Celltrion, Takeda, Gillead, Celgene, Pfizer, Sandoz, Biogen, Fresenius, Ferring, Faes Farma, Falk Pharma, Chiesi, Gebro Pharma, Adacyte and Vifor Pharma. F. Argüelles has received financial support for travelling and educational activities from or has served as an advisory board member to MSD, Pfizer, Abbvie, Amgen, Takeda, Janssen, Sandoz, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Ferring and Falk Pharma. J.M. Huguet has participated in educational activities, research projects, scientific meetings or advisory boards sponsored by Merck Sharp Dohme (MSD), Ferring, Abbvie, Janssen, Biogen, Sandoz, Kern Pharma, Faes Farma, Vifor Pharma and Takeda. A. Hernández-Camba has served as speaker, or has received education funding from AbbVie, Takeda, Kern Pharma, Pfizer, Janssen, Adacyte Therapeutics and Ferring. D. Ginard has received support for conference attendance, speaker fees, research support and consulting fees from Abbvie, Adacyte, Jannsen, Takeda, Sandoz, Ferring, Pfizer and Biogen. M. Aceituno has received educational grants from Ferring, Pfizer, Janssen and AbbVie. M. Chaparro has served as a speaker and consultant and has received research or education funding from MSD, Abbvie, Hospira, Pfizer, Takeda, Janssen, Ferring, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Falk Pharma, Tillotts Pharma, Faes Pharma, Biogen and Gilead. H. Alonso-Galán has received financial support for travelling and educational activities from or has served as an advisory board member to Janssen, MSD, Abbvie, Takeda, Ferring, Pfizer and Falk Pharma. E. Domènech has served as a speaker, or has received research or education funding or advisory fees from AbbVie, Adacyte Therapeutics, Biogen, Celltrion, Gilead, Janssen, Kern Pharma, MSD, Pfizer, Roche, Samsung, Takeda, Galápagos and Tillots. M. Esteve has received support for conference attendance, speaker fees, research support and consulting fees from Abbvie, Ferring, Janssen, MSD, Otsuka, Pfizer, Takeda and Tillots. L. Bujanda has served as consultant or has received research funding from Ikan Biotech. M Bosca-Watts declares educational activities, research projects, scientific meetings and advisory boards sponsored by MSD, Ferring, Abbvie, Janssen, Biogen and Takeda. M. Navarro-Llavat has received support for conference attendance, speaker fees and research support from Abbvie, MSD, Takeda, Janssen, Ferring, Pfizer, and Biogen. I. Vera, I. Guerra, A. Ponferrada-Díaz, A. Lucendo, B. Caballol, M.Mañosa, P. Martínez-Montiel, J. Gordillo, T. Martínez-Pérez, A. López, C. Rodríguez, S. García-López, P. Vega, L. Melcarne, M. Calvo, M. Iborra, B. Sicilia, J. Barrio, JL. Pérez, D. Busquets, I. Martínez-Pérez, V. Hernández, F. Ramírez Esteso, S. Mejilde, L. Ramos, F. Gomollón, F. Muñoz, G. Suris, J. Ortiz de Zarate, J. Llaó, M. García-Sepulcre, M. Sierra, M. Durà. S. Estrecha, A. Fuentes Coronel, E. Hinojosa, L. Olivan, E. Iglesias, A. Gutiérrez, P. Varela, N. Rull, P. Gilabert, A. Brotons, E. Sesé, D. Carpio, JL Cabriada, Y. González-Lama, L. Giménez, A. López-San Román, C. Alba, R. Plaza-Santos, R. Mena, S. Tamarit-Sebastián, E. Ricart, M. Calafat, S. Olivares, P. Navarro, F. Bertoletti, R. Pajares, P. Olcina, and P. Manzano have no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Comorbidities between cases and controls.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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