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Review
. 2022 Dec 16;12(12):1274.
doi: 10.3390/metabo12121274.

Gingerol, a Natural Antioxidant, Attenuates Hyperglycemia and Downstream Complications

Khalid Saad Alharbi  1 , Muhammad Shahid Nadeem  2 , Obaid Afzal  3 , Sami I Alzarea  1 , Abdulmalik S A Altamimi  3 , Waleed Hassan Almalki  4 , Bismillah Mubeen  5 , Saima Iftikhar  6 , Luqman Shah  7 , Imran Kazmi  2
Affiliations
Review

Gingerol, a Natural Antioxidant, Attenuates Hyperglycemia and Downstream Complications

Khalid Saad Alharbi et al. Metabolites. .

Abstract

Hyperglycemia is seen in approximately 68 percent of patients admitted to a medical intensive care unit (ICU). In many acute circumstances, such as myocardial infarction, brain, injury and stroke, it is an independent predictor of mortality. Hyperglycemia is induced by a mix of genetic, environmental, and immunologic variables in people with type 1 diabetes. These factors cause pancreatic beta cell death and insulin insufficiency. Insulin resistance and irregular insulin production cause hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes patients. Hyperglycemia activates a number of complicated interconnected metabolic processes. Hyperglycemia is a major contributor to the onset and progression of diabetes' secondary complications such as neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, cataracts, periodontitis, and bone and joint issues. Studies on the health benefits of ginger and its constituent's impact on hyperglycemia and related disorders have been conducted and gingerol proved to be a potential pharmaceutically active constituent of ginger (Zingiber officinale) that has been shown to lower blood sugar levels, because it possesses antioxidant properties and it functions as an antioxidant in the complicated biochemical process that causes hyperglycemia to be activated. Gingerol not only helps in treating hyperglycemia but also shows effectivity against diseases related to it, such as cardiopathy, kidney failure, vision impairments, bone and joint problems, and teeth and gum infections. Moreover, fresh ginger has various gingerol analogues, with 6-gingerol being the most abundant. However, it is necessary to investigate the efficacy of its other analogues against hyperglycemia and associated disorders at various concentrations in order to determine the appropriate dose for treating these conditions.

Keywords: 6-gingerol; Hyperglycemia; Zingiber officinale; cataract; gingerol; nephropathy; neuropathy; periodontitis; retinopathy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Structure of gingerols.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Role of NADPH oxidase and mitochondrial stress on cardiac injury due to hyperglycemia.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The activation of ERS and the release of proinflammatory substances from the synovium as a result of high glucose levels caused inflammation and degradation of the articular cartilage.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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