Genetic Polymorphism in Angiotensinogen and Its Association with Cardiometabolic Diseases

doi:10.3390/metabo12121291

Review

. 2022 Dec 19;12(12):1291.

doi: 10.3390/metabo12121291.

Genetic Polymorphism in Angiotensinogen and Its Association with Cardiometabolic Diseases

Momina Shahid¹, Kanwal Rehman², Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash¹, Shaleem Suhail³, Shagufta Kamal⁴, Muhammad Imran^{5

6}, Mohammed A Assiri^{5

6}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
² Department of Pharmacy, The Women University, Multan 60000, Pakistan.
³ Department of Pharmacy, University of Chenab, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan.
⁴ Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
⁵ Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61514, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.

PMID: 36557328
PMCID: PMC9785123
DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121291

Review

Genetic Polymorphism in Angiotensinogen and Its Association with Cardiometabolic Diseases

Momina Shahid et al. Metabolites. 2022.

. 2022 Dec 19;12(12):1291.

doi: 10.3390/metabo12121291.

Authors

Momina Shahid¹, Kanwal Rehman², Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash¹, Shaleem Suhail³, Shagufta Kamal⁴, Muhammad Imran^{5

6}, Mohammed A Assiri^{5

6}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
² Department of Pharmacy, The Women University, Multan 60000, Pakistan.
³ Department of Pharmacy, University of Chenab, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan.
⁴ Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
⁵ Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61514, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.

PMID: 36557328
PMCID: PMC9785123
DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121291

Abstract

Angiotensinogen (AGT) is one of the most significant enzymes of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) which is involved in the regulation and maintenance of blood pressure. AGT is involved in the production of angiotensin I which is then converted into angiotensin II that leads to renal homeostasis. However, various genetic polymorphisms in AGT have been discovered in recent times which have shown an association with various diseases. Genetic polymorphism increases the level of circulating AGT in blood which exaggerates the effects produced by AGT. The associated diseases occur due to various effects produced by increased AGT levels. Several cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, heart failure, hypertrophy, etc. are associated with AGT polymorphism. Other diseases such as depression, obesity, diabetic nephropathy, pre-eclampsia, and liver injury are also associated with some variants of AGT gene. The most common variants of AGT polymorphism are M235T and T174M. The two variants are associated with many diseases. Some other variants such as G-217A, A-6G, A-20C and G-152A, are also present but they are not as significant as that of M235T and T174M variants. These variants increase the level of circulating AGT and are associated with prevalence of different diseases. These diseases occur through various pathological pathways, but the initial reason remains the same, i.e., increased level of AGT in the blood. In this article, we have majorly focused on how genetic polymorphism of different variants of AGT gene is associated with the prevalence of different diseases.

Keywords: A-20C; A-6G; AGT polymorphism; G-152A; G-217A; M235T; T174M; associated diseases.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Graphical representation of the mechanism of action of AGT that is involved in the renin-angiotensin system.

**Figure 2**
Graphical representation of different variants of the AGT gene that are linked to various diseases.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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References

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[1] Cooke J.N., Bostrom M.A., Hicks P.J., Ng M.C., Hellwege J.N., Comeau M.E., Divers J., Langefeld C.D., Freedman B.I., Bowden D.W. Polymorphisms in MYH9 are associated with diabetic nephropathy in European Americans. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2012;27:1505–1511. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfr522. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[2] Cooke J.N., Bostrom M.A., Hicks P.J., Ng M.C., Hellwege J.N., Comeau M.E., Divers J., Langefeld C.D., Freedman B.I., Bowden D.W. Polymorphisms in MYH9 are associated with diabetic nephropathy in European Americans. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2012;27:1505–1511. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfr522. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[3] Ismail S., Essawi M. Genetic polymorphism studies in humans. Middle East J. Med. Genet. 2012;1:57–63. doi: 10.1097/01.MXE.0000415225.85003.47. - DOI

[4] Ismail S., Essawi M. Genetic polymorphism studies in humans. Middle East J. Med. Genet. 2012;1:57–63. doi: 10.1097/01.MXE.0000415225.85003.47. - DOI

[5] McLaren W., Gil L., Hunt S.E., Riat H.S., Ritchie G.R., Thormann A., Flicek P., Cunningham F. The ensembl variant effect predictor. Genome Biol. 2016;17:1–14. doi: 10.1186/s13059-016-0974-4. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] McLaren W., Gil L., Hunt S.E., Riat H.S., Ritchie G.R., Thormann A., Flicek P., Cunningham F. The ensembl variant effect predictor. Genome Biol. 2016;17:1–14. doi: 10.1186/s13059-016-0974-4. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Zaina S., Pérez-Luque E.L., Lund G. Genetics talks to epigenetics? The interplay between sequence variants and chromatin structure. Curr. Genom. 2010;11:359–367. doi: 10.2174/138920210791616662. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[8] Zaina S., Pérez-Luque E.L., Lund G. Genetics talks to epigenetics? The interplay between sequence variants and chromatin structure. Curr. Genom. 2010;11:359–367. doi: 10.2174/138920210791616662. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[9] Berger S.L. The complex language of chromatin regulation during transcription. Nature. 2007;447:407–412. doi: 10.1038/nature05915. - DOI - PubMed

[10] Berger S.L. The complex language of chromatin regulation during transcription. Nature. 2007;447:407–412. doi: 10.1038/nature05915. - DOI - PubMed

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Genetic Polymorphism in Angiotensinogen and Its Association with Cardiometabolic Diseases

Affiliations

Genetic Polymorphism in Angiotensinogen and Its Association with Cardiometabolic Diseases

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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References

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Grants and funding

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