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Review
. 2022 Dec 13;10(12):2457.
doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10122457.

The Role of Gut Bacteriome in Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea

Andras Bikov  1 , Silvano Dragonieri  2 , Balazs Csoma  1   3 , Carmen Mazzuca  4   5 , Panaiotis Finamore  4 , Giulia Rocchi  6 , Lorenza Putignani  7 , Michele Guarino  8 , Simone Scarlata  4
Affiliations
Review

The Role of Gut Bacteriome in Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea

Andras Bikov et al. Microorganisms. .

Abstract

The human body contains a very complex and dynamic ecosystem of bacteria. The bacteriome interacts with the host bi-directionally, and changes in either factor impact the entire system. It has long been known that chronic airway diseases are associated with disturbances in the lung bacteriome. However, less is known about the role of gut bacteriome in the most common respiratory diseases. Here, we aim to summarise the evidence concerning the role of the intestinal bacteriome in the pathogenesis and disease course of bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and obstructive sleep apnea. Furthermore, we discuss the consequences of an altered gut bacteriome on the most common comorbidities of these lung diseases. Lastly, we also reflect on the therapeutic potential of influencing the gut microbiome to improve disease outcomes.

Keywords: bronchial asthma; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; gut microbiome; hypoxemia; inflammation; microbiome; obstructive sleep apnea.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The mechanism of gut dysbiosis leading to the development of type 2 inflammation in asthma. Reduction of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) induce a class switching of immunoglobulin (Ig) with an increase of fecal IgE acting on dendritic cells. Switching to IgE production is also stimulated by high levels of interleukin (IL) 4 and IL 13, produced by invariant natural killer (iNK) cells under dysbiosis stimuli. Dysbiosis influences the homing of mast cells to the intestine by the expression of CXCR2. Fewer intestinal mast cells and increased blood levels stimulate an inflammatory state observed in asthma.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The complex interrelation between asthma, COPD, OSA and gut dysbiosis. For the mechanism in detail, please check the text.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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