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Review
. 2022 Dec 8;27(24):8687.
doi: 10.3390/molecules27248687.

Ethnobotanical, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activity of Onosma (Boraginaceae): An Updated Review

Ahmed Aj Jabbar  1 , Fuad O Abdullah  2   3 , Abdullah Othman Hassan  4 , Yaseen Galali  5   6 , Rawaz Rizgar Hassan  4 , Essa Q Rashid  7 , Musher Ismael Salih  8 , Kareem Fattah Aziz  9   10
Affiliations
Review

Ethnobotanical, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activity of Onosma (Boraginaceae): An Updated Review

Ahmed Aj Jabbar et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

The genus Onosma belongs to the Boraginaceae family and contains over 230 species. The present review sheds light on the ethnopharmacology, phytoconstituents, bioactivity, and toxicology of the Onosma species from previous investigations. Furthermore, the paper also highlights the unresolved issues for the future investigations. The review included previous studies of the genus Onosma available from Google Scholar and Baidu Scholar, Science Direct, SciFinder, Wiley Online Library, and Web of Science. Until now, more than 200 chemical compounds have been detected from the genus Onosma, including naphthoquinone (33), flavonoids (30), hydrocarbon (23), phenolic (22), ester (17), alkaloids (20), aromatics (12), carboxylic acid (11), fatty acids (9), terpenoids (10), while the most important ones are rosmarinic, ferulic, protocatechuic, chlorogenic, caffeic, p-coumaric acids, and apigenin. The Onosma species are reported as traditional medicine for wound healing, heart disease, and kidney disorders, while the pharmacological investigations revealed that the extracts and the phytochemicals of Onosma species have different therapeutic properties including antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, antitumor, hepatoprotective, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial actions. The summarized knowledge in this review provides valuable ideas for the current and future drug discovery and a motivation for further investigation on the genus Onosma.

Keywords: Onosma; data mining; ethnobotany; pharmacological activity; phytochemistry; toxicology.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Representative example of the most-studied species of the genus Onosma in terms of pharmacology actions.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Chemical profile and pharmacological activities of the Onosma species ((A) O. mutabilis, (B): O. Alborosea). 1: Kingdom, 2: Phylum, 3: Class, 4: Order, 5: Family, 6: Subfamily, 7: Genus.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Regional distribution of some Onosma species in Iran, Iraq, and Turkey [4,27,29].
Figure 4
Figure 4
Organic class contents of Onosma species based on reported compounds.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Most common Onosma compounds based on the repetition in the literature.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Representative of main compounds isolated from Onosma species, repeated in the literature.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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