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Review
. 2022 Dec 18;27(24):9035.
doi: 10.3390/molecules27249035.

The Role of Oxidative Stress-Mediated Inflammation in the Development of T2DM-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy: Possible Preventive Action of Tannins and Other Oligomeric Polyphenols

Gohar Sahakyan  1 , Anne Vejux  2 , Naira Sahakyan  1   3
Affiliations
Review

The Role of Oxidative Stress-Mediated Inflammation in the Development of T2DM-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy: Possible Preventive Action of Tannins and Other Oligomeric Polyphenols

Gohar Sahakyan et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy is manifested in more than 10% of people with diabetes. It is a common cause of kidney failure and end-stage kidney disease. Understanding of mechanisms underlying the initiation and development of diabetes-induced kidney injuries will allow for the development of more effective methods of prevention and treatment of the disease. Diabetic nephropathy is a wide-ranging complication of diabetes, and it is necessary to discuss the "weight" of pro-inflammatory pathways and molecules in the progress of renal injuries during the development of the disease. A large spectrum of pro-inflammatory molecules and pathways participate in different stages of the pathophysiological progression of diabetic nephropathy, including pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, their receptors, adhesion molecules, and transcription factors. On the other hand, it is known that one of the consequences of hyperglycemia-induced ROS generation is the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cascades, which, in turn, activate the transcription of genes encoding cytokines-chemokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix proteins. It is a proven fact that a variety of plant secondary metabolites, such as tannins, flavonoids, and other polyphenols, demonstrate significant anti-diabetic, redox-modulating properties and effectively modulate the inflammatory response. Thus, this review is discussing the possible role of plant phenols in the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

Keywords: ROS; cytokines; diabetic nephropathy; inflammation; insulin resistance; polyphenols; tannins.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The obesity-related inflammation as a predictor of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) induction and progression.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Relationship between the hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and diabetic nephropathy in T2DM. ROS: reactive oxygen species; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; NF-κB: nuclear transcription factor-κB; AGEs: advanced glycation end products; PKC: protein kinase; IAPP: islet amyloid polypeptide; RAS: renin-angiotensin system.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Possible pathways of the anti-inflammatory effect of tannins.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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