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Review
. 2022 Dec 9;22(24):9652.
doi: 10.3390/s22249652.

Cooperative Power-Domain NOMA Systems: An Overview

Mujtaba Ghous  1   2 , Ahmad Kamal Hassan  2 , Ziaul Haq Abbas  2 , Ghulam Abbas  3 , Aseel Hussien  4 , Thar Baker  5
Affiliations
Review

Cooperative Power-Domain NOMA Systems: An Overview

Mujtaba Ghous et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

Interference has been a key roadblock against the effectively deployment of applications for end-users in wireless networks including fifth-generation (5G) and beyond fifth-generation (B5G) networks. Protocols and standards for various communication types have been established and utilised by the community in the last few years. However, interference remains a key challenge, preventing end-users from receiving the quality of service (QoS) expected for many 5G applications. The increased need for better data rates and more exposure to multimedia information lead to a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme that aims to enhance spectral efficiency and link additional applications employing successive interference cancellation and superposition coding mechanisms. Recent work suggests that the NOMA scheme performs better when combined with suitable wireless technologies specifically by incorporating antenna diversity including massive multiple-input multiple-output architecture, data rate fairness, energy efficiency, cooperative relaying, beamforming and equalization, network coding, and space-time coding. In this paper, we discuss several cooperative NOMA systems operating under the decode-and-forward and amplify-and-forward protocols. The paper provides an overview of power-domain NOMA-based cooperative communication, and also provides an outlook of future research directions of this area.

Keywords: antenna diversity; cooperative communication; equaliser; outage probability; power-domain NOMA; precoder; successive interference cancellation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 6
Figure 6
Multiple access techniques: types of NOMA and OMA.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Cooperative communication to enhance the networks spectral efficiency.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Types of hybrid NOMA in MIMO communication systems.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Pictorial description of different multiple access schemes, i.e., (a) TDMA, (b) FDMA, (c) CDMA, (d) OFDMA, and (e) NOMA.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Evolution of mobile wireless systems from 1G to B5G along with multiple access techniques used.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Road map of the paper.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Hierarchical constellation diagram of superposition coding example.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Representation of a conventional two-user NOMA system where user-N assists user-F.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Different power-domain NOMA versions employed in 5G.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Cooperative communication in power domain NOMA and its types.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Time-switching (TS) power-splitting (PS) SWIPT Protocol in NOMA system.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Some of the open issues and challenges in cooperative PD-NOMA.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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