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. 2022 Nov 25;10(12):2009.
doi: 10.3390/vaccines10122009.

Perception of Availability, Accessibility, and Affordability of COVID-19 Vaccines and Hesitancy: A Cross-Sectional Study in India

Akshay Ayappan  1 , Bijaya Kumar Padhi  2 , Ananthesh L  1 , Raushan Kumar Chaudhary  1 , Uday Venkat Mateti  1 , Adithi Kellarai  3 , Mazhuvanchery Kesavan Unnikrishnan  1 , Jaclyn Drishal Dsouza  1 , Ali Davod Parsa  4 , Russell Kabir  4 , Ranjit Sah  5   6
Affiliations

Perception of Availability, Accessibility, and Affordability of COVID-19 Vaccines and Hesitancy: A Cross-Sectional Study in India

Akshay Ayappan et al. Vaccines (Basel). .

Abstract

Background: The current study aimed to identify the perceptions and issues regarding the affordability, availability, and accessibility of COVID-19 vaccination and determine the extent of vaccine hesitancy among non-vaccinated individuals. Methods: A Prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 575 individuals for a period of six months. All the relevant information was collected using the peer-validated survey questionnaire. An independent t-test was applied to check the association between variables. Results: Among 575 participants, 80.8% were vaccinated, and 19.2% were non-vaccinated. Among the vaccinated, 35.1% were vaccinated in private centres and 64.9% in public health centres (PHC). In total, 32% had accessibility issues and 24.5% had availability issues. However, responders vaccinated at PHC were having more issues in comparison to other groups which was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Among the 163 privately vaccinated participants, 69.9% found it completely affordable. Another 26.9% and 3.1% found vaccines partly affordable and a little unaffordable. Among the 110 non-vaccinated, 38.1% were found to be vaccine-hesitant. Conclusions: Individuals vaccinated at PHC experienced issues such as long waiting times, unavailability of doses, and registration. Further, a significant level of hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccines was observed. The safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines contributed to negative attitudes.

Keywords: COVID-19; accessibility; affordability; availability; vaccine hesitancy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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