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Review
. 2022 Dec 15;10(12):2150.
doi: 10.3390/vaccines10122150.

mRNA-Based Vaccines and Therapeutics for COVID-19 and Future Pandemics

Vivek P Chavda  1 , Shailvi Soni  2 , Lalitkumar K Vora  3 , Shruti Soni  4 , Avinash Khadela  5 , Jinal Ajabiya  6
Affiliations
Review

mRNA-Based Vaccines and Therapeutics for COVID-19 and Future Pandemics

Vivek P Chavda et al. Vaccines (Basel). .

Abstract

An unheard mobilization of resources to find SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and therapies has been sparked by the COVID-19 pandemic. Two years ago, COVID-19's launch propelled mRNA-based technologies into the public eye. Knowledge gained from mRNA technology used to combat COVID-19 is assisting in the creation of treatments and vaccines to treat existing illnesses and may avert pandemics in the future. Exploiting the capacity of mRNA to create therapeutic proteins to impede or treat a variety of illnesses, including cancer, is the main goal of the quickly developing, highly multidisciplinary field of biomedicine. In this review, we explore the potential of mRNA as a vaccine and therapeutic using current research findings.

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; mRNA vaccine; pandemic; therapeutics; virus outbreak.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Historical developmental milestones for mRNA-based therapeutics. (Modified under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License from [7]).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Strategies and potential application of mRNA-based therapeutics.
Figure 3
Figure 3
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA antigen immunogenicity and vaccine design. Full-length S-protein or RBD as a vaccine immunogen has been widely confirmed to induce high-affinity neutralizing antibodies. The SARS-CoV-2 S protein is intrinsically metastable and can be stabilized in a prefusion conformation by structure-based design. Prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike immunogen induces potent humoral and cellular immune responses. The RBD peptide is one of the most promising targets to design candidate vaccines. However, RBD has a low molecular weight, which leads to its weak immunogenicity, and can be further improved by forming multimers. Multimerization of RBD protein using humanized IgG Fc, T4 trimerization (FD), or ferritin has been shown to induce higher neutralizing antibodies compared to monomeric antigens, which will provide us with new ideas for designing powerful mRNA vaccines. (Adopted under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License from [7]).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Mechanism of action of mRNA vaccines postvaccination.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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