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. 2022 Nov 23;14(12):2612.
doi: 10.3390/v14122612.

Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (CPV-2 and FPV) Circulating in Wild Carnivores and in Puppies Illegally Imported into North-Eastern Italy

Stefania Leopardi  1 , Adelaide Milani  1 , Monia Cocchi  2 , Marco Bregoli  2 , Alessia Schivo  1 , Sofia Leardini  1 , Francesca Festa  1 , Ambra Pastori  1 , Gabrita de Zan  2 , Federica Gobbo  1 , Maria Serena Beato  1 , Manlio Palei  3 , Alessandro Bremini  3   4 , Marie-Christin Rossmann  4   5 , Paolo Zucca  3   4 , Isabella Monne  1 , Paola De Benedictis  1
Affiliations

Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (CPV-2 and FPV) Circulating in Wild Carnivores and in Puppies Illegally Imported into North-Eastern Italy

Stefania Leopardi et al. Viruses. .

Abstract

The illegal trade of animals poses several health issues to the global community, among which are the underestimated risk for spillover infection and the potential for an epizootic in both wildlife and domestic naïve populations. We herein describe the genetic and antigenic characterization of viruses of the specie Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 detected at high prevalence in puppies illegally introduced in North Eastern Italy and compared them with those circulating in wild carnivores from the same area. We found evidence of a wide diversity of canine parvoviruses (CPV-2) belonging to different antigenic types in illegally imported pups. In wildlife, we found a high circulation of feline parvovirus (FPV) in golden jackals and badgers, whereas CPV-2 was observed in one wolf only. Although supporting a possible spillover event, the low representation of wolf samples in the present study prevented us from inferring the origin, prevalence and viral diversity of the viruses circulating in this species. Therefore, we suggest performing more thorough investigations before excluding endemic CPV-2 circulation in this species.

Keywords: CPV-2; FPV; companion animals; illegal trade; spillover; wildlife.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
ML phylogenetic tree of Carnivore Protoparvovirus 1 analyzed in this study, based on the complete VP2 gene sequences, divided in canine (blue) and feline (yellow) parvoviruses. Branches supported with SH value higher than 0.7 are marked with grey circles, with size proportional to the SH value. Original strains sequenced for this work are shown with colored labels based on their antigenic classification as CPV-2 (blue), new CPV-2a (red), CPV-2b (petrol), new CPV-2b (green), CPV-2c (light blue). Sequences (original and reference) associated with wildlife and found in the study area are indicated with pink stars and blue circles, respectively (full for the region of Friuli Venezia-Giulia and empty for some other areas in Italy), while vaccine strains are marked with a red checkmark.
Figure 2
Figure 2
ML phylogenetic tree of Protoparvovirus 1 analyzed in this study, based on the complete genome, divided in canine (blue) and feline (yellow) parvoviruses. Branches supported with SH value higher than 0.7 are marked with grey circles, with size proportional to the SH value. Original strains sequenced for this work are shown with blue labels. Sequences (original and reference) associated with wildlife and found in the study area are indicated with pink stars.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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