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. 2022 Nov 24;14(12):2624.
doi: 10.3390/v14122624.

Monitoring of Avian Influenza Viruses and Paramyxoviruses in Ponds of Moscow and the Moscow Region

Anastasia Treshchalina  1 , Yulia Postnikova  2 , Alexandra Gambaryan  1 , Aydar Ishmukhametov  1 , Alexei Prilipov  3 , Galina Sadykova  3 , Natalia Lomakina  3 , Elizaveta Boravleva  1
Affiliations

Monitoring of Avian Influenza Viruses and Paramyxoviruses in Ponds of Moscow and the Moscow Region

Anastasia Treshchalina et al. Viruses. .

Abstract

The ponds of the Moscow region during the autumn migration of birds are a place with large concentrations of mallard ducks, which are the main hosts of avulaviruses (avian paramyxoviruses) and influenza A viruses (IAV). The purpose of this study was the determination of the biological diversity of IAV and avulaviruses isolated from mallards in Moscow's ponds. A phylogenetic analysis of IAV was performed based on complete genome sequencing, and virus genomic reassortment in nature was studied. Almost all IAV genome segments clustered with apathogenic duck viruses according to phylogenetic analysis. The origin of the genes of Moscow isolates were different; some of them belong to European evolutionary branches, some to Asian ones. The majority of closely related viruses have been isolated in the Western Eurasian region. Much less frequently, closely related viruses have been isolated in Siberia, China, and Korea. The quantity and diversity of isolated viruses varied considerably depending on the year and have decreased since 2014, perhaps due to the increasing proportion of nesting and wintering ducks in Moscow.

Keywords: avian influenza; circulation; diversity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Fragment of the M gene phylogenetic tree. The color shows the geographical origin of the viruses.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Examples of natural reassortment in 2011 and 2012 isolates. Gene variants that differ by more than 1% of nucleotide substitutions are marked in different colors. The numbers in the cells reflect the % of nucleotide substitutions relative to the origin isolate (cells are marked in the same color and with the number 0). The blank cells reflect the more than 1% of nucleotide substitutions relative to all the isolates of 2011.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Regions of isolation of the most closely related virus for Moscow isolates. The color of the cells corresponds to the region of isolation of the most closely related variant relative to the Moscow isolate. The numbers in the cells reflect the % of nucleotide substitutions relative to the Moscow isolate. The > sign in the cells means that the difference exceeded 0.5% for the M and NS segments or 1% for the remaining segments.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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