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. 2022 Dec 29;22(1):546.
doi: 10.1186/s12876-022-02637-8.

The epidemiological trends of biliary tract cancers in the United States of America

Yong Jiang  1 , Liyong Jiang  1 , Feiyu Li  1 , Qingbin Li  2 , Shuai Yuan  2 , Songhan Huang  1 , Yingda Fu  1 , Xiangyu Yan  1 , Ji Chen  2 , Hongxin Li  1 , Shenhao Li  1 , Jun Liu  3   4
Affiliations

The epidemiological trends of biliary tract cancers in the United States of America

Yong Jiang et al. BMC Gastroenterol. .

Abstract

Background: Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are a series of heterogeneous malignancies that are broadly grouped based on the anatomical site where they arise into subtypes including intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC), gallbladder cancer (GBC), and ampulla of Vater cancer (AVC).

Methods and results: The present study provides an overview of the epidemiology of the various BTCs based on data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2000 to 2018. Distinct differences in both incidence and mortality rates were observed for these BTCs as a function of age, sex, ethnicity, and calendar year. In 2018, BTCs emerged as the fifth most prevalent form of alimentary tract cancer in the USA. While the incidence and mortality of ICC appear to be increasing, the incidence rates of GBC, ECC, and AVC have remained stable, as have the corresponding mortality rates. The most common and deadliest BTCs in 2018 were ICC and GBC among males and females, respectively. The ethnic groups exhibiting the highest incidence rates of these different BTCs were American Indians and Alaska Natives for GBC, and Asian and Pacific Islanders for ICC, ECC, and AVC. The incidence of all of these forms of BTC rose with age. There were some variations in BTCs in terms of staging, locoregional surgical treatments, adjuvant therapies, and prognostic outcomes from 2000 to 2018.

Conclusions: The epidemiological characteristics, staging, locoregional surgical treatments, adjuvant therapies, and prognostic outcomes were distinct for each of these BTCs.

Keywords: Ampulla of Vater cancer (AVC); Biliary tract cancers (BTCs); Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC); Gallbladder cancer (GBC); Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Incidences of alimentary tract cancers, 2000–2018
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
(a) Incidence and incidence-based mortality for BTCs among males, 2000–2018. (b) Incidence and incidence-based mortality for BTCs among females, 2000–2018
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
(a) Incidence of BTCs as a function of ethnicity, 2000–2018. (b) Incidence of BTCs as a function of age (≥ 40 years). W White, B Black, AI American Indian and Alaskan Native, AP Asian and Pacific Islanders
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
(a) Trends in BTC staging, 2000–2018. (b) Trends in BTC treatment, 2000–2018
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Trends in 2-year survival among BTC patients, 2000–2015
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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