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Review
. 2022 Dec 13:10:1008878.
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1008878. eCollection 2022.

Association between smoking and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Southeast Asia

Hassan Mumtaz  1 , Madiha Hameed  2 , Abdul Basit Sangah  3 , Amraha Zubair  4 , Mohammad Hasan  5
Affiliations
Review

Association between smoking and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Southeast Asia

Hassan Mumtaz et al. Front Public Health. .

Abstract

An estimated 8 million people die each year from tobacco smoking, with an increasing frequency recently being observed in Southeast Asian countries, which is a preventable risk factor for mortality. NAFLD, fibrosis, advancement of hepatocellular carcinoma, and prognosis for those with severe liver disease are all negatively influenced. NAFLD and cigarette usage seem to be a direct link. Oxidative stress and oncogenic signals have been implicated in cancer development in animal models and human clinical trials. The elevated risk of cardiovascular disease and malignancies in those with steatohepatitis and those who have had liver transplants is exacerbated by smoking. We found that smoking cessation may increase treatment response and fibrosis regression rates, decrease hepatocellular carcinoma incidence, and improve liver transplant outcomes. In the last segment, we'll look at electronic cigarettes, a hot subject in public health right now, as well as additional repercussions of smoking.

Keywords: Southeast Asia; cardiovascular disease; depression; electronic cigarette; hepatocellular carcinoma; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; smoking.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A map of Southeast Asia (35).
Figure 2
Figure 2
The latest 2022 prevalence rates of total smoking; male smoking; and female smoking in Southeast Asia.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Demonstrates the prevalence of NAFLD in Asia.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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