Adolescent medicine training in postgraduate family medicine education: a scoping review

Abstract

Introduction: Adolescents and young adults require age-appropriate healthcare services delivered by clinicians with expertise in adolescent medicine. However, resident family physicians report a low perceived self-efficacy and under-preparedness to deliver adolescent medical care. We conducted a scoping review to map the breadth and depth of the current evidence about adolescent medicine training for family medicine residents.

Content: We followed Arksey and O'Malley's framework and searched seven electronic databases and key organizations' webpages from inception to September 2020. Informed by the CanMEDS-FM, we analyzed the extracted data concerning basic document characteristics, competencies and medical topics using numerical and qualitative content analysis.

Summary: We included 41 peer-reviewed articles and six adolescent health competency frameworks (n=47). Most competencies taught in family medicine programs were organized under the roles of family medicine expert (75%), communicator (11.8%), and professional roles (7.9%). Health advocate and leader were rarely included (1.3%), and never scholar.

Outlook: The omission of multiple competency roles in family medicine resident education on adolescents is insufficient for family physicians to deliver optimal care to adolescents. The combined efforts of family medicine stakeholders to address adolescent medicine competency gaps may positively impact the perceived competence reported by family medicine residents.

Keywords: CanMEDS; adolescent; adolescent health; adolescent medicine; competency-based education; education; graduate; medical; scoping review; “review literature as topic”.