Validation of the Collaborative Outcomes study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times (COH-FIT) questionnaire for adults

Marco Solmi¹, Trevor Thompson², Andrés Estradé³, Agorastos Agorastos⁴, Joaquim Radua⁵, Samuele Cortese⁶, Elena Dragioti⁷, Friedrich Leisch⁸, Davy Vancampfort⁹, Lau Caspar Thygesen¹⁰, Harald Aschauer¹¹, Monika Schlögelhofer¹², Elena Aschauer¹³, Andres Schneeberger¹⁴, Christian G Huber¹⁵, Gregor Hasler¹⁶, Philippe Conus¹⁷, Kim Q Do Cuénod¹⁸, Roland von Känel¹⁹, Gonzalo Arrondo²⁰, Paolo Fusar-Poli²¹, Philip Gorwood²², Pierre-Michel Llorca²³, Marie-Odile Krebs²⁴, Elisabetta Scanferla²⁵, Taishiro Kishimoto²⁶, Golam Rabbani²⁷, Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka²⁸, Paolo Brambilla²⁹, Angela Favaro³⁰, Akihiro Takamiya³¹, Leonardo Zoccante³², Marco Colizzi³³, Julie Bourgin³⁴, Karol Kamiński³⁵, Maryam Moghadasin³⁶, Soraya Seedat³⁷, Evan Matthews³⁸, John Wells³⁹, Emilia Vassilopoulou⁴⁰, Ary Gadelha⁴¹, Kuan-Pin Su⁴², Jun Soo Kwon⁴³, Minah Kim⁴⁴, Tae Young Lee⁴⁵, Oleg Papsuev⁴⁶, Denisa Manková⁴⁷, Andrea Boscutti⁴⁸, Cristiano Gerunda⁴⁹, Diego Saccon⁵⁰, Elena Righi⁵¹, Francesco Monaco⁵², Giovanni Croatto⁵³, Guido Cereda⁵⁴, Jacopo Demurtas⁵⁵, Natascia Brondino⁵⁶, Nicola Veronese⁵⁷, Paolo Enrico⁵⁸, Pierluigi Politi⁵⁹, Valentina Ciappolino⁶⁰, Andrea Pfennig⁶¹, Andreas Bechdolf⁶², Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg⁶³, Kai G Kahl⁶⁴, Katharina Domschke⁶⁵, Michael Bauer⁶⁶, Nikolaos Koutsouleris⁶⁷, Sibylle Winter⁶⁸, Stefan Borgwardt⁶⁹, Istvan Bitter⁷⁰, Judit Balazs⁷¹, Pál Czobor⁷², Zsolt Unoka⁷³, Dimitris Mavridis⁷⁴, Konstantinos Tsamakis⁷⁵, Vasilios P Bozikas⁷⁶, Chavit Tunvirachaisakul⁷⁷, Michael Maes⁷⁸, Teerayuth Rungnirundorn⁷⁹, Thitiporn Supasitthumrong⁸⁰, Ariful Haque⁸¹, Andre R Brunoni⁸², Carlos Gustavo Costardi⁸³, Felipe Barreto Schuch⁸⁴, Guilherme Polanczyk⁸⁵, Jhoanne Merlyn Luiz⁸⁶, Lais Fonseca⁸⁷, Luana V Aparicio⁸⁸, Samira S Valvassori⁸⁹, Merete Nordentoft⁹⁰, Per Vendsborg⁹¹, Sofie Have Hoffmann⁹², Jihed Sehli⁹³, Norman Sartorius⁹⁴, Sabina Heuss⁹⁵, Daniel Guinart⁹⁶, Jane Hamilton⁹⁷, John Kane⁹⁸, Jose Rubio⁹⁹, Michael Sand¹⁰⁰, Ai Koyanagi¹⁰¹, Aleix Solanes¹⁰², Alvaro Andreu-Bernabeu¹⁰³, Antonia San José Cáceres¹⁰⁴, Celso Arango¹⁰⁵, Covadonga M Díaz-Caneja¹⁰⁶, Diego Hidalgo-Mazzei¹⁰⁷, Eduard Vieta¹⁰⁸, Javier Gonzalez-Peñas¹⁰⁹, Lydia Fortea¹¹⁰, Mara Parellada¹¹¹, Miquel A Fullana¹¹², Norma Verdolini¹¹³, Eva Andrlíková¹¹⁴, Karolina Janků¹¹⁵, Mark John Millan¹¹⁶, Mihaela Honciuc¹¹⁷, Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska¹¹⁸, Igor Łoniewski¹¹⁹, Jerzy Samochowiec¹²⁰, Łukasz Kiszkiel¹²¹, Maria Marlicz¹²², Paweł Sowa¹²³, Wojciech Marlicz¹²⁴, Georgina Spies¹²⁵, Brendon Stubbs¹²⁶, Joseph Firth¹²⁷, Sarah Sullivan¹²⁸, Asli Enez Darcin¹²⁹, Hatice Aksu¹³⁰, Nesrin Dilbaz¹³¹, Onur Noyan¹³², Momoko Kitazawa¹³³, Shunya Kurokawa¹³⁴, Yuki Tazawa¹³⁵, Alejandro Anselmi¹³⁶, Cecilia Cracco¹³⁷, Ana Inés Machado¹³⁸, Natalia Estrade¹³⁹, Diego De Leo¹⁴⁰, Jackie Curtis¹⁴¹, Michael Berk¹⁴², Philip Ward¹⁴³, Scott Teasdale¹⁴⁴, Simon Rosenbaum¹⁴⁵, Wolfgang Marx¹⁴⁶, Adrian Vasile Horodnic¹⁴⁷, Liviu Oprea¹⁴⁸, Ovidiu Alexinschi¹⁴⁹, Petru Ifteni¹⁵⁰, Serban Turliuc¹⁵¹, Tudor Ciuhodaru¹⁵², Alexandra Bolos¹⁵³, Valentin Matei¹⁵⁴, Dorien H Nieman¹⁵⁵, Iris Sommer¹⁵⁶, Jim van Os¹⁵⁷, Therese van Amelsvoort¹⁵⁸, Ching-Fang Sun¹⁵⁹, Ta-Wei Guu¹⁶⁰, Can Jiao¹⁶¹, Jieting Zhang¹⁶², Jialin Fan¹⁶³, Liye Zou¹⁶⁴, Xin Yu¹⁶⁵, Xinli Chi¹⁶⁶, Philippe de Timary¹⁶⁷, Ruud van Winkel¹⁶⁸, Bernardo Ng¹⁶⁹, Edilberto Pena¹⁷⁰, Ramon Arellano¹⁷¹, Raquel Roman¹⁷², Thelma Sanchez¹⁷³, Larisa Movina¹⁷⁴, Pedro Morgado¹⁷⁵, Sofia Brissos¹⁷⁶, Oleg Aizberg¹⁷⁷, Anna Mosina¹⁷⁸, Damir Krinitski¹⁷⁹, James Mugisha¹⁸⁰, Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani¹⁸¹, Farshad Sheybani¹⁸², Masoud Sadeghi¹⁸³, Samira Hadi¹⁸⁴, Serge Brand¹⁸⁵, Antonia Errazuriz¹⁸⁶, Nicolas Crossley¹⁸⁷, Dragana Ignjatovic Ristic¹⁸⁸, Carlos López-Jaramillo¹⁸⁹, Dimitris Efthymiou¹⁹⁰, Praveenlal Kuttichira¹⁹¹, Roy Abraham Kallivayalil¹⁹², Afzal Javed¹⁹³, Muhammad Iqbal Afridi¹⁹⁴, Bawo James¹⁹⁵, Omonefe Joy Seb-Akahomen¹⁹⁶, Jess Fiedorowicz¹⁹⁷, Andre F Carvalho¹⁹⁸, Jeff Daskalakis¹⁹⁹, Lakshmi N Yatham²⁰⁰, Lin Yang²⁰¹, Tarek Okasha²⁰², Aïcha Dahdouh²⁰³, Björn Gerdle²⁰⁴, Jari Tiihonen²⁰⁵, Jae Il Shin²⁰⁶, Jinhee Lee²⁰⁷, Ahmed Mhalla²⁰⁸, Lotfi Gaha²⁰⁹, Takoua Brahim²¹⁰, Kuanysh Altynbekov²¹¹, Nikolay Negay²¹², Saltanat Nurmagambetova²¹³, Yasser Abu Jamei²¹⁴, Mark Weiser²¹⁵, Christoph U Correll²¹⁶

Affiliations

¹ University of Ottawa, Department of Psychiatry, Ontario, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital, Department of Mental Health, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology& Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Innovation in Mental Health-Developmental Lab, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, and NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: marco.solmi83@gmail.com.
² Centre for Chronic Illness and Ageing, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: T.Thompson@greenwich.ac.uk.
³ Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology& Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Universidad Católica, Department of Psychology, Montevideo, Uruguay. Electronic address: andres.estrade_vaz@kcl.ac.uk.
⁴ Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, II. Dept. of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Greece. Electronic address: aagorast@auth.gr.
⁵ Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology& Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD), University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Karolinska Institutet, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: radua@clinic.cat.
⁶ University of Southampton, Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, Southampton, United Kingdom. Electronic address: samuele.cortese@soton.ac.uk.
⁷ Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Ioannina, Research Laboratory Psychology of Patients, Families & Health Professionals, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Ioannina, Greece. Electronic address: elena.dragioti@liu.se.
⁸ University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Wien, Austria. Electronic address: Friedrich.Leisch@boku.ac.at.
⁹ Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: davy.vancampfort@kuleuven.be.
¹⁰ National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark. Electronic address: lct@sdu.dk.
¹¹ BioPsyC - Biopsychosocial Corporation, Non-profit association for Research Funding Ltd., Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: harald.aschauer@biopsyc.at.
¹² BioPsyC - Biopsychosocial Corporation, Non-profit association for Research Funding Ltd., Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: monika.schloegelhofer@biopsyc.at.
¹³ BioPsyC - Biopsychosocial Corporation, Non-profit association for Research Funding Ltd., Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: elena.aschauer@biopsyc.at.
¹⁴ University of California San Diego, California, United States. Electronic address: aschneeberger@health.ucsd.edu.
¹⁵ University of Basel, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel (UPK), Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: christian.huber@unibas.ch.
¹⁶ University of Fribourg, Fribourg Network of Mental Health (RFSM), Fribourg, Switzerland. Electronic address: gregor.hasler@unifr.ch.
¹⁷ University of Lausanne, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: philippe.conus@chuv.ch.
¹⁸ University of Lausanne, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: Kim.Do@chuv.ch.
¹⁹ University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, Switzerland. Electronic address: roland.vonkaenel@usz.ch.
²⁰ University of Southampton, Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, Southampton, United Kingdom; University of Navarra, Mind-Brain Group, Institute for Culture and Society (ICS), Pamplona, Spain. Electronic address: garrondo@unav.es.
²¹ Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology& Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; OASIS service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; University of Pavia, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Pavia, Italy. Electronic address: paolo.fusar-poli@unipv.it.
²² Université Paris Cité, CMME, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France; Institute de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience de Paris, INSERM U1266, F-75014 Paris, France. Electronic address: p.gorwood@ghu-paris.fr.
²³ Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Psychiatrie B, Clermont-Ferrand, France. Electronic address: pmllorca@chu-clermontferrand.fr.
²⁴ Institute de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience de Paris, INSERM U1266, F-75014 Paris, France; Université de Paris, PEPIT, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, Paris, France. Electronic address: MO.KREBS@ghu-paris.fr.
²⁵ Université Paris Cité, CMME, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France. Electronic address: e.scanferla@ghu-paris.fr.
²⁶ Keio University School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: tkishimoto@keio.jp.
²⁷ The National Foundation of Mental Health of Bangladesh, Bangladesh.
²⁸ Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Szczecin, Poland. Electronic address: karzyd@pum.edu.pl.
²⁹ University of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: paolo.brambilla1@unimi.it.
³⁰ University of Padua, Neurosciences Department, Padua, Italy. Electronic address: angela.favaro@unipd.it.
³¹ Keio University School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: akihiro.takamiya@keio.jp.
³² Integrated University Hospital of Verona, Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Maternal-Child Integrated Care Department, Verona, Italy. Electronic address: leonardo.zoccante@aovr.veneto.it.
³³ University of Udine, Department of Medicine (DAME), Unit of Psychiatry, Italy. Electronic address: marco.colizzi@uniud.it.
³⁴ Service de Psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, GHNE, 91440, Bures Sur Yvette, France. Electronic address: j.bourgin@gh-nord-essonne.fr.
³⁵ Medical University of Białystok, Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Bialystok, Poland. Electronic address: fizklin@gmail.com.
³⁶ Kharazmi University, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: mmoghadasin@yahoo.com.
³⁷ South African Medical Research Council Unit on the Genomics of Brain Disorders, Stellenbosch University, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, South Africa. Electronic address: sseedat@sun.ac.za.
³⁸ South East Technological University, School of Health Science, Waterford, Ireland. Electronic address: ematthews@wit.ie.
³⁹ South East Technological University, School of Health Science, Waterford, Ireland. Electronic address: jswells@wit.ie.
⁴⁰ University of Nicosia, Department of Life and Health Sciences, Nicosia, Cyprus. Electronic address: vassilopoulouemilia@gmail.com.
⁴¹ Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: aryararipe@gmail.com.
⁴² An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Department of Psychiatry, Tainan, Taiwan; China Medical University Hospital, Mind-Body Interface Research Center, Taichung, Taiwan. Electronic address: cobol@cmu.edu.tw.
⁴³ Seoul National University College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kwonjs@snu.ac.kr.
⁴⁴ Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: verte82@snu.ac.kr.
⁴⁵ Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Yangsan, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: leetaey@gmail.com.
⁴⁶ Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, Moscow, Russia. Electronic address: oleg.papsouev@gmail.com.
⁴⁷ National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic. Electronic address: denisa.mankova@nudz.cz.
⁴⁸ University of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: a.boscutti@gmail.com.
⁴⁹ University of Padua, Neurosciences Department, Padua, Italy. Electronic address: cristiano.gerunda@unipd.it.
⁵⁰ AULSS4 Veneto Orientale, Addictions Department, Italy. Electronic address: diego.saccon@aulss4.veneto.it.
⁵¹ University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Modena, Italy. Electronic address: elena.righi@unimore.it.
⁵² ASL Salerno, Department of Mental Health, Salerno, Italy.
⁵³ University of Padova, Padova, Italy. Electronic address: giovannicroatto8@gmail.com.
⁵⁴ University of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: guido.cereda@unimi.it.
⁵⁵ University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, Modena, Italy. Electronic address: eritrox7@gmail.com.
⁵⁶ University of Pavia, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Pavia, Italy. Electronic address: natascia.brondino@unipv.it.
⁵⁷ University of Palermo, Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Section, Palermo, Italy. Electronic address: nicola.veronese@unipa.it.
⁵⁸ University of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: paolo.enrico@unimi.it.
⁵⁹ University of Pavia, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Pavia, Italy. Electronic address: pierluigi.politi@unipv.it.
⁶⁰ Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: valentina.ciappolino@policlinico.mi.it.
⁶¹ Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Dresden, Germany. Electronic address: Andrea.Pfennig@uniklinikum-dresden.de.
⁶² Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: andreas.bechdolf@charite.de.
⁶³ Heidelberg University, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Germany. Electronic address: Andreas.Meyer-Lindenberg@zi-mannheim.de.
⁶⁴ Hannover Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Germany. Electronic address: kahl.kai@mh-hannover.de.
⁶⁵ University of Freiburg, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany. Electronic address: katharina.domschke@uniklinik-freiburg.de.
⁶⁶ Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Dresden, Germany. Electronic address: Michael.Bauer@uniklinikum-dresden.de.
⁶⁷ Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany. Electronic address: Nikolaos.Koutsouleris@med.uni-muenchen.de.
⁶⁸ Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: sibylle.winter@charite.de.
⁶⁹ University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. Electronic address: s.borgwardt@unibas.ch.
⁷⁰ Semmelweis University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: bitter.istvan@med.semmelweis-univ.hu.
⁷¹ Eotvos Lorand University, Institute of Psychology, Budapest, Hungary; Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: balazs.judit@ppk.elte.hu.
⁷² Semmelweis University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: czobor.pal@med.semmelweis-univ.hu.
⁷³ Semmelweis University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: unoka.zsolt@med.semmelweis-univ.hu.
⁷⁴ University of Ioannina, Department of Primary Education, Ioannina, Greece. Electronic address: dmavridi@uoi.gr.
⁷⁵ King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: ktsamakis@gmail.com.
⁷⁶ Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, II. Dept. of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Greece. Electronic address: mpozikas@auth.gr.
⁷⁷ Chulalongkorn University, Department of Psychiatry, Thailand. Electronic address: chavit.T@chula.ac.th.
⁷⁸ Chulalongkorn University, Department of Psychiatry, Thailand.
⁷⁹ Chulalongkorn University, Department of Psychiatry, Thailand. Electronic address: drteerayuth@gmail.com.
⁸⁰ Chulalongkorn University, Department of Psychiatry, Thailand. Electronic address: thitiporn.s@chula.ac.th.
⁸¹ The National Foundation of Mental Health of Bangladesh, Bangladesh. Electronic address: arifulhaque.ukzn@gmail.com.
⁸² Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: brunoni@usp.br.
⁸³ Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: gustavocostardi@hotmail.com.
⁸⁴ Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Chile; Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: felipe.schuch@ufsm.br.
⁸⁵ Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: polanczyk.guilherme@gmail.com.
⁸⁶ Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Criciúma, SC, Brazil. Electronic address: jhoanne_luiz@hotmail.com.
⁸⁷ Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: laismfonseca@gmail.com.
⁸⁸ Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: luanavma@hotmail.com.
⁸⁹ Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Criciúma, SC, Brazil. Electronic address: samiravalvassori@unesc.net.
⁹⁰ University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: mn@dadlnet.dk.
⁹¹ Psykiatrifonden, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: pv@psykiatrifonden.dk.
⁹² National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark. Electronic address: sohh@sdu.dk.
⁹³ University of Fribourg, Fribourg Network of Mental Health (RFSM), Fribourg, Switzerland. Electronic address: jihed.sehli@gmail.com.
⁹⁴ Association for the Improvement of Mental Health Programmes (AMH), Switzerland. Electronic address: sartorius@normansartorius.com.
⁹⁵ FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Switzerland. Electronic address: sabina.heuss@fhnw.ch.
⁹⁶ The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, USA; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, USA; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions (INAD), Hospital del Mar, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Departament de Psiquiatria, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: DGuinart@northwell.edu.
⁹⁷ University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, McGovern Medical School, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, USA. Electronic address: Jane.E.Hamilton@uth.tmc.edu.
⁹⁸ The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, USA; Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, New York, USA. Electronic address: JKane2@northwell.edu.
⁹⁹ The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, USA; Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, New York, USA. Electronic address: JRubio13@northwell.edu.
¹⁰⁰ S2 Consulting LLC, India. Electronic address: michael.sand@boehringer-ingelheim.com.
¹⁰¹ Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Research and Development Unit, CIBERSAM, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: a.koyanagi@pssjd.org.
¹⁰² Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD), University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: al.solanes@gmail.com.
¹⁰³ Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health (IPS MARAÑÓN), IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: alvaro.andreu@salud.madrid.org.
¹⁰⁴ Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health (IPS MARAÑÓN), IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: antonia.sanjose@iisgm.com.
¹⁰⁵ Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health (IPS MARAÑÓN), IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: carango@hggm.es.
¹⁰⁶ Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health (IPS MARAÑÓN), IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: covadonga.martinez@iisgm.com.
¹⁰⁷ University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: dahidalg@clinic.cat.
¹⁰⁸ University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: evieta@clinic.cat.
¹⁰⁹ Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health (IPS MARAÑÓN), IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
¹¹⁰ Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD), University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: lydiafor94@gmail.com.
¹¹¹ Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health (IPS MARAÑÓN), IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: parellada@hggm.es.
¹¹² Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD), University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: mafullana@clinic.cat.
¹¹³ Local Health Unit Umbria 1, Department of Mental Health, Mental Health Center of Perugia, Italy. Electronic address: norma.verdolini@gmail.com.
¹¹⁴ National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic. Electronic address: eva.andrlikova@nudz.cz.
¹¹⁵ National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic. Electronic address: karolina.janku@nudz.cz.
¹¹⁶ Glasgow University, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medicine, Vet and Life Science, Glasgow, United Kingdom. Electronic address: mark.john.millan@gmail.com.
¹¹⁷ Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Psychiatrie B, Clermont-Ferrand, France. Electronic address: rmhonciuc@chu-clermontferrand.fr.
¹¹⁸ Medical University of Białystok, Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Poland. Electronic address: annamoniuszko@op.pl.
¹¹⁹ Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Szczecin, Poland; Sanprobi Sp. z o.o. Sp. k, Poland. Electronic address: sanprobi@sanprobi.pl.
¹²⁰ Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Department of Psychiatry, Szczecin, Poland. Electronic address: samoj@pum.edu.pl.
¹²¹ University of Białystok, Institute of Sociology, Society and Cognition Unit, Białystok, Poland. Electronic address: lukaszkiszkiel@gmail.com.
¹²² Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Szczecin, Poland. Electronic address: mariamarlicz@gmail.com.
¹²³ Medical University of Białystok, Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Bialystok, Poland. Electronic address: mailtosowa@gmail.com.
¹²⁴ Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Department of Gastroenterology, Szczecin, Poland; The Centre for Digestive Diseases Endoklinika, Szczecin, Poland. Electronic address: marlicz@hotmail.com.
¹²⁵ South African Medical Research Council Unit on the Genomics of Brain Disorders, Stellenbosch University, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, South Africa. Electronic address: ggiocos@sun.ac.za.
¹²⁶ King's College London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: brendon.stubbs@kcl.ac.uk.
¹²⁷ University of Manchester, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Manchester, United Kingdom. Electronic address: joseph.firth@manchester.ac.uk.
¹²⁸ University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Sarah.Sullivan@bristol.ac.uk.
¹²⁹ Istanbul Topkapı University, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: aslienez@gmail.com.
¹³⁰ Adnan Menderes University Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aydın, Turkey. Electronic address: aksubhatice@yahoo.com.
¹³¹ Uskudar University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: nesrin.dilbaz@gmail.com.
¹³² Uskudar University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: conurnoyan@gmail.com.
¹³³ Keio University School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: m-kitazawa@keio.jp.
¹³⁴ Keio University School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: shunya5@keio.jp.
¹³⁵ Keio University School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: tazawa@a5.keio.jp.
¹³⁶ Universidad Católica, Department of Psychology, Montevideo, Uruguay. Electronic address: alejandro.anselmi@ucu.edu.uy.
¹³⁷ Universidad Católica, Department of Psychology, Montevideo, Uruguay. Electronic address: ccracco@ucu.edu.uy.
¹³⁸ Universidad Católica, Department of Psychology, Montevideo, Uruguay. Electronic address: amachado@ucu.edu.uy.
¹³⁹ Universidad Católica, Department of Psychology, Montevideo, Uruguay. Electronic address: natalia.estrade@ucu.edu.uy.
¹⁴⁰ Griffith University, South East Queensland, Australia. Electronic address: D.DeLeo@griffith.edu.au.
¹⁴¹ Mindgardens Neuroscience Network, Sydney, Australia. Electronic address: j.curtis@unsw.edu.au.
¹⁴² Deakin University School of Medicine, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: michael.berk@deakin.edu.au.
¹⁴³ UNSW Sydney, School of Psychiatry, Sydney, Australia. Electronic address: p.ward@unsw.edu.au.
¹⁴⁴ Deakin University School of Medicine, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: s.teasdale@unsw.edu.au.
¹⁴⁵ UNSW Sydney, School of Psychiatry, Sydney, Australia. Electronic address: s.rosenbaum@unsw.edu.au.
¹⁴⁶ Deakin University School of Medicine, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: wolf.marx@deakin.edu.au.
¹⁴⁷ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, Faculty of Medicine, Iasi, Romania. Electronic address: adrian-vasile-horodnic@umfiasi.ro.
¹⁴⁸ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, Faculty of Medicine, Iasi, Romania. Electronic address: liviu.oprea@umfiasi.ro.
¹⁴⁹ Institute of Psychiatry "Socola", Iasi, Romania. Electronic address: alexinschi@yahoo.com.
¹⁵⁰ Transilvania University of Brasov, Faculty of Medicine, Brasov, Romania. Electronic address: petru_ifteni@yahoo.com.
¹⁵¹ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, Faculty of Medicine, Iasi, Romania. Electronic address: serban_turliuc@yahoo.com.
¹⁵² Emergency Hospital "Nicolae Oblu", Iasi, Romania. Electronic address: tudorciuhodaru@yahoo.co.uk.
¹⁵³ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, Faculty of Medicine, Iasi, Romania. Electronic address: alex_andra_bolos@yahoo.com.
¹⁵⁴ Psychiatry Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, "Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia" Psychiatric Hospital, Bucharest, Romania. Electronic address: valipmatei@yahoo.com.
¹⁵⁵ Academisch Medisch Centrum Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address: d.h.nieman@amc.uva.nl.
¹⁵⁶ University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Cognitive Neurosciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Groningen, the Netherlands; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands. Electronic address: i.e.c.sommer@umcg.nl.
¹⁵⁷ Utrecht University Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, the Netherlands. Electronic address: j.j.vanos-2@umcutrecht.nl.
¹⁵⁸ Maastricht University, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht, the Netherlands. Electronic address: t.vanamelsvoort@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
¹⁵⁹ China Medical University Hospital, Mind-Body Interface Research Center, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Carilion Clinic Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA. Electronic address: chingfangsun@gmail.com.
¹⁶⁰ China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Division of Psychiatry, Department of Internal Medicine, Taiwan. Electronic address: da20vid@gmail.com.
¹⁶¹ Shenzhen University, School of Psychology, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: jiaocan@szu.edu.cn.
¹⁶² Shenzhen University, School of Psychology, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: jenny121@126.com.
¹⁶³ Shenzhen University, School of Psychology, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: FanJL@szu.edu.cn.
¹⁶⁴ Shenzhen University, School of Psychology, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: liyezou123@gmail.com.
¹⁶⁵ Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Department of Public Mental Health, Pekin, China. Electronic address: yuxin@bjmu.edu.cn.
¹⁶⁶ Shenzhen University, School of Psychology, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: xinlichi@126.com.
¹⁶⁷ UCLouvain, Institute of Neuroscience and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Department of Adult Psychiatry, Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: Philippe.detimary@uclouvain.be.
¹⁶⁸ Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: ruud.vanwinkel@kuleuven.be.
¹⁶⁹ Asociación Psiquiátrica Mexicana, Mexico. Electronic address: bng@sunvalleyb.com.
¹⁷⁰ Asociación Psiquiátrica Mexicana, Mexico. Electronic address: epena@cisne.mx.
¹⁷¹ Asociación Psiquiátrica Mexicana, Mexico. Electronic address: jramonarellanoc@hotmail.com.
¹⁷² Asociación Psiquiátrica Mexicana, Mexico. Electronic address: raquelrr@hotmail.com.
¹⁷³ Asociación Psiquiátrica Mexicana, Mexico. Electronic address: marsan2@prodigy.net.mx.
¹⁷⁴ Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, Moscow, Russia. Electronic address: movina_larisa@bk.ru.
¹⁷⁵ University of Minho, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal. Electronic address: pedromorgado@med.uminho.pt.
¹⁷⁶ Lisbon's Psychiatric Hospital Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Portugal. Electronic address: pedromorgado@med.uminho.pt.
¹⁷⁷ Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Belarus. Electronic address: oleg.aizberg@gmail.com.
¹⁷⁸ Clienia AG, Wetzikon Psychiatric Centre, Switzerland.
¹⁷⁹ Integrated Psychiatry Winterthur (IPW), Switzerland. Electronic address: damir.krinitski@gmail.com.
¹⁸⁰ Kyambogo University, Department of Sociology and Social Administration, Kampala, Uganda. Electronic address: Jmmugi77@hotmail.com.
¹⁸¹ Stanford University, Department of Psychology, California, USA; Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel (UPK), Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: Bahmanid@stanford.edu.
¹⁸² Department of Clinical Psychology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Electronic address: sheibanifr@mums.ac.ir.
¹⁸³ Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran. Electronic address: sadeghi_mbrc@yahoo.com.
¹⁸⁴ Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: hadi.samira@yahoo.com.
¹⁸⁵ Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel (UPK), Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Basel, Switzerland; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: serge.brand@upk.ch.
¹⁸⁶ Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Santiago, Chile. Electronic address: anerrazuriz@uc.cl.
¹⁸⁷ Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Santiago, Chile. Electronic address: ncrossley@uc.cl.
¹⁸⁸ University of Kragujevac, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kragujevac, Serbia. Electronic address: draganaristic4@gmail.com.
¹⁸⁹ University of Antioquia, Department of Psychiatry, Medellín, Colombia. Electronic address: carlos.lopez20@udea.edu.co.
¹⁹⁰ University of Nicosia, Department of Life and Health Sciences, Nicosia, Cyprus. Electronic address: dimitrisefthy@gmail.com.
¹⁹¹ Jubilee Mission Medical College & Research Institute, Thrissur, India. Electronic address: drpraveenlalkuttichira@gmail.com.
¹⁹² Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Deptartment of Psychiatry, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India. Electronic address: roykalli@gmail.com.
¹⁹³ Chairman, Pakistan Psychiatric Research Centre-Fountain House, Lahore, Pakistan. Electronic address: afzalj@gmail.com.
¹⁹⁴ Faculty of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Pakistan; Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan; Faculty of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan. Electronic address: driqbalafridi@yahoo.com.
¹⁹⁵ Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Department of Clinical Services, Benin-City, Nigeria. Electronic address: bawojames@yahoo.com.
¹⁹⁶ Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Edo State, Nigeria. Electronic address: sebakahomen@gmail.com.
¹⁹⁷ University of Ottawa, Department of Psychiatry, Ontario, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital, Department of Mental Health, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: jfiedorowicz@toh.ca.
¹⁹⁸ Deakin University School of Medicine, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: Andre.Carvalho@camh.ca.
¹⁹⁹ UC San Diego, California, USA. Electronic address: zdaskalakis@health.ucsd.edu.
²⁰⁰ University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. Electronic address: l.yatham@ubc.ca.
²⁰¹ Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada. Electronic address: lin.yang@ahs.ca.
²⁰² Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. Electronic address: tarek.okasha@gmail.com.
²⁰³ Oran 1 University, Department of Psychiatry-Addictology, Oran, Algeria. Electronic address: aichadahdouh@gmail.com.
²⁰⁴ Linköping University, Pain and Rehabilitation Centre and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping, Sweden. Electronic address: bjorn.gerdle@liu.se.
²⁰⁵ Karolinska Institutet, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden; University of Eastern Finland, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland. Electronic address: jari.tiihonen@ki.se.
²⁰⁶ Yonsei University College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: SHINJI@yuhs.ac.
²⁰⁷ Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Wonju, South Korea. Electronic address: jinh.lee95@yonsei.ac.kr.
²⁰⁸ University of Monastir, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, Research Unit "Vulnerability to Mental Disorders" LR05ES10, Monastir, Tunisia. Electronic address: ahmed.mhalla@yahoo.fr.
²⁰⁹ University of Monastir, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, Research Unit "Vulnerability to Mental Disorders" LR05ES10, Monastir, Tunisia. Electronic address: gaha.lotfi@yahoo.fr.
²¹⁰ University of Monastir, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, Research Unit "Vulnerability to Mental Disorders" LR05ES10, Monastir, Tunisia. Electronic address: takoua.brahim@yahoo.com.
²¹¹ Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Mental Health, Kazakhstan. Electronic address: kuanysh_altyn@mail.ru.
²¹² Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Mental Health, Kazakhstan. Electronic address: nick_negaj@mail.ru.
²¹³ Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Mental Health, Kazakhstan. Electronic address: saya_n@yahoo.com.
²¹⁴ Gaza Community Mental Health Programme, Palestine. Electronic address: yasser@gcmhp.net.
²¹⁵ Sheba Medical Center, Israel. Electronic address: mweiser@netvision.net.il.
²¹⁶ Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Berlin, Germany; The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, USA; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, USA; The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Manhasset, NY, USA. Electronic address: christoph.correll@charite.de.

PMID: 36586617
PMCID: PMC9794522
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.022

Validation of the Collaborative Outcomes study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times (COH-FIT) questionnaire for adults

Marco Solmi et al. J Affect Disord. 2023.

. 2023 Apr 1:326:249-261.

doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.022. Epub 2022 Dec 28.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ University of Ottawa, Department of Psychiatry, Ontario, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital, Department of Mental Health, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology& Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Innovation in Mental Health-Developmental Lab, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, and NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: marco.solmi83@gmail.com.
² Centre for Chronic Illness and Ageing, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: T.Thompson@greenwich.ac.uk.
³ Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology& Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Universidad Católica, Department of Psychology, Montevideo, Uruguay. Electronic address: andres.estrade_vaz@kcl.ac.uk.
⁴ Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, II. Dept. of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Greece. Electronic address: aagorast@auth.gr.
⁵ Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology& Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD), University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Karolinska Institutet, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: radua@clinic.cat.
⁶ University of Southampton, Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, Southampton, United Kingdom. Electronic address: samuele.cortese@soton.ac.uk.
⁷ Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Ioannina, Research Laboratory Psychology of Patients, Families & Health Professionals, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Ioannina, Greece. Electronic address: elena.dragioti@liu.se.
⁸ University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Wien, Austria. Electronic address: Friedrich.Leisch@boku.ac.at.
⁹ Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: davy.vancampfort@kuleuven.be.
¹⁰ National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark. Electronic address: lct@sdu.dk.
¹¹ BioPsyC - Biopsychosocial Corporation, Non-profit association for Research Funding Ltd., Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: harald.aschauer@biopsyc.at.
¹² BioPsyC - Biopsychosocial Corporation, Non-profit association for Research Funding Ltd., Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: monika.schloegelhofer@biopsyc.at.
¹³ BioPsyC - Biopsychosocial Corporation, Non-profit association for Research Funding Ltd., Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: elena.aschauer@biopsyc.at.
¹⁴ University of California San Diego, California, United States. Electronic address: aschneeberger@health.ucsd.edu.
¹⁵ University of Basel, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel (UPK), Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: christian.huber@unibas.ch.
¹⁶ University of Fribourg, Fribourg Network of Mental Health (RFSM), Fribourg, Switzerland. Electronic address: gregor.hasler@unifr.ch.
¹⁷ University of Lausanne, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: philippe.conus@chuv.ch.
¹⁸ University of Lausanne, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: Kim.Do@chuv.ch.
¹⁹ University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, Switzerland. Electronic address: roland.vonkaenel@usz.ch.
²⁰ University of Southampton, Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, Southampton, United Kingdom; University of Navarra, Mind-Brain Group, Institute for Culture and Society (ICS), Pamplona, Spain. Electronic address: garrondo@unav.es.
²¹ Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology& Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; OASIS service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; University of Pavia, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Pavia, Italy. Electronic address: paolo.fusar-poli@unipv.it.
²² Université Paris Cité, CMME, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France; Institute de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience de Paris, INSERM U1266, F-75014 Paris, France. Electronic address: p.gorwood@ghu-paris.fr.
²³ Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Psychiatrie B, Clermont-Ferrand, France. Electronic address: pmllorca@chu-clermontferrand.fr.
²⁴ Institute de Psychiatrie et Neuroscience de Paris, INSERM U1266, F-75014 Paris, France; Université de Paris, PEPIT, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, Paris, France. Electronic address: MO.KREBS@ghu-paris.fr.
²⁵ Université Paris Cité, CMME, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France. Electronic address: e.scanferla@ghu-paris.fr.
²⁶ Keio University School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: tkishimoto@keio.jp.
²⁷ The National Foundation of Mental Health of Bangladesh, Bangladesh.
²⁸ Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Szczecin, Poland. Electronic address: karzyd@pum.edu.pl.
²⁹ University of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: paolo.brambilla1@unimi.it.
³⁰ University of Padua, Neurosciences Department, Padua, Italy. Electronic address: angela.favaro@unipd.it.
³¹ Keio University School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: akihiro.takamiya@keio.jp.
³² Integrated University Hospital of Verona, Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Maternal-Child Integrated Care Department, Verona, Italy. Electronic address: leonardo.zoccante@aovr.veneto.it.
³³ University of Udine, Department of Medicine (DAME), Unit of Psychiatry, Italy. Electronic address: marco.colizzi@uniud.it.
³⁴ Service de Psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, GHNE, 91440, Bures Sur Yvette, France. Electronic address: j.bourgin@gh-nord-essonne.fr.
³⁵ Medical University of Białystok, Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Bialystok, Poland. Electronic address: fizklin@gmail.com.
³⁶ Kharazmi University, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: mmoghadasin@yahoo.com.
³⁷ South African Medical Research Council Unit on the Genomics of Brain Disorders, Stellenbosch University, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, South Africa. Electronic address: sseedat@sun.ac.za.
³⁸ South East Technological University, School of Health Science, Waterford, Ireland. Electronic address: ematthews@wit.ie.
³⁹ South East Technological University, School of Health Science, Waterford, Ireland. Electronic address: jswells@wit.ie.
⁴⁰ University of Nicosia, Department of Life and Health Sciences, Nicosia, Cyprus. Electronic address: vassilopoulouemilia@gmail.com.
⁴¹ Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: aryararipe@gmail.com.
⁴² An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Department of Psychiatry, Tainan, Taiwan; China Medical University Hospital, Mind-Body Interface Research Center, Taichung, Taiwan. Electronic address: cobol@cmu.edu.tw.
⁴³ Seoul National University College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kwonjs@snu.ac.kr.
⁴⁴ Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: verte82@snu.ac.kr.
⁴⁵ Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Yangsan, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: leetaey@gmail.com.
⁴⁶ Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, Moscow, Russia. Electronic address: oleg.papsouev@gmail.com.
⁴⁷ National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic. Electronic address: denisa.mankova@nudz.cz.
⁴⁸ University of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: a.boscutti@gmail.com.
⁴⁹ University of Padua, Neurosciences Department, Padua, Italy. Electronic address: cristiano.gerunda@unipd.it.
⁵⁰ AULSS4 Veneto Orientale, Addictions Department, Italy. Electronic address: diego.saccon@aulss4.veneto.it.
⁵¹ University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Modena, Italy. Electronic address: elena.righi@unimore.it.
⁵² ASL Salerno, Department of Mental Health, Salerno, Italy.
⁵³ University of Padova, Padova, Italy. Electronic address: giovannicroatto8@gmail.com.
⁵⁴ University of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: guido.cereda@unimi.it.
⁵⁵ University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, Modena, Italy. Electronic address: eritrox7@gmail.com.
⁵⁶ University of Pavia, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Pavia, Italy. Electronic address: natascia.brondino@unipv.it.
⁵⁷ University of Palermo, Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Section, Palermo, Italy. Electronic address: nicola.veronese@unipa.it.
⁵⁸ University of Milan, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: paolo.enrico@unimi.it.
⁵⁹ University of Pavia, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Pavia, Italy. Electronic address: pierluigi.politi@unipv.it.
⁶⁰ Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: valentina.ciappolino@policlinico.mi.it.
⁶¹ Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Dresden, Germany. Electronic address: Andrea.Pfennig@uniklinikum-dresden.de.
⁶² Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: andreas.bechdolf@charite.de.
⁶³ Heidelberg University, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Germany. Electronic address: Andreas.Meyer-Lindenberg@zi-mannheim.de.
⁶⁴ Hannover Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Germany. Electronic address: kahl.kai@mh-hannover.de.
⁶⁵ University of Freiburg, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany. Electronic address: katharina.domschke@uniklinik-freiburg.de.
⁶⁶ Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Dresden, Germany. Electronic address: Michael.Bauer@uniklinikum-dresden.de.
⁶⁷ Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany. Electronic address: Nikolaos.Koutsouleris@med.uni-muenchen.de.
⁶⁸ Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: sibylle.winter@charite.de.
⁶⁹ University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. Electronic address: s.borgwardt@unibas.ch.
⁷⁰ Semmelweis University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: bitter.istvan@med.semmelweis-univ.hu.
⁷¹ Eotvos Lorand University, Institute of Psychology, Budapest, Hungary; Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: balazs.judit@ppk.elte.hu.
⁷² Semmelweis University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: czobor.pal@med.semmelweis-univ.hu.
⁷³ Semmelweis University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Budapest, Hungary. Electronic address: unoka.zsolt@med.semmelweis-univ.hu.
⁷⁴ University of Ioannina, Department of Primary Education, Ioannina, Greece. Electronic address: dmavridi@uoi.gr.
⁷⁵ King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: ktsamakis@gmail.com.
⁷⁶ Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, II. Dept. of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Greece. Electronic address: mpozikas@auth.gr.
⁷⁷ Chulalongkorn University, Department of Psychiatry, Thailand. Electronic address: chavit.T@chula.ac.th.
⁷⁸ Chulalongkorn University, Department of Psychiatry, Thailand.
⁷⁹ Chulalongkorn University, Department of Psychiatry, Thailand. Electronic address: drteerayuth@gmail.com.
⁸⁰ Chulalongkorn University, Department of Psychiatry, Thailand. Electronic address: thitiporn.s@chula.ac.th.
⁸¹ The National Foundation of Mental Health of Bangladesh, Bangladesh. Electronic address: arifulhaque.ukzn@gmail.com.
⁸² Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: brunoni@usp.br.
⁸³ Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: gustavocostardi@hotmail.com.
⁸⁴ Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Chile; Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: felipe.schuch@ufsm.br.
⁸⁵ Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: polanczyk.guilherme@gmail.com.
⁸⁶ Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Criciúma, SC, Brazil. Electronic address: jhoanne_luiz@hotmail.com.
⁸⁷ Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: laismfonseca@gmail.com.
⁸⁸ Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: luanavma@hotmail.com.
⁸⁹ Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Criciúma, SC, Brazil. Electronic address: samiravalvassori@unesc.net.
⁹⁰ University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: mn@dadlnet.dk.
⁹¹ Psykiatrifonden, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: pv@psykiatrifonden.dk.
⁹² National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark. Electronic address: sohh@sdu.dk.
⁹³ University of Fribourg, Fribourg Network of Mental Health (RFSM), Fribourg, Switzerland. Electronic address: jihed.sehli@gmail.com.
⁹⁴ Association for the Improvement of Mental Health Programmes (AMH), Switzerland. Electronic address: sartorius@normansartorius.com.
⁹⁵ FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Switzerland. Electronic address: sabina.heuss@fhnw.ch.
⁹⁶ The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, USA; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, USA; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions (INAD), Hospital del Mar, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Departament de Psiquiatria, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: DGuinart@northwell.edu.
⁹⁷ University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, McGovern Medical School, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, USA. Electronic address: Jane.E.Hamilton@uth.tmc.edu.
⁹⁸ The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, USA; Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, New York, USA. Electronic address: JKane2@northwell.edu.
⁹⁹ The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, USA; Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, New York, USA. Electronic address: JRubio13@northwell.edu.
¹⁰⁰ S2 Consulting LLC, India. Electronic address: michael.sand@boehringer-ingelheim.com.
¹⁰¹ Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Research and Development Unit, CIBERSAM, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: a.koyanagi@pssjd.org.
¹⁰² Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD), University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: al.solanes@gmail.com.
¹⁰³ Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health (IPS MARAÑÓN), IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: alvaro.andreu@salud.madrid.org.
¹⁰⁴ Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health (IPS MARAÑÓN), IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: antonia.sanjose@iisgm.com.
¹⁰⁵ Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health (IPS MARAÑÓN), IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: carango@hggm.es.
¹⁰⁶ Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health (IPS MARAÑÓN), IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: covadonga.martinez@iisgm.com.
¹⁰⁷ University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: dahidalg@clinic.cat.
¹⁰⁸ University of Barcelona, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: evieta@clinic.cat.
¹⁰⁹ Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health (IPS MARAÑÓN), IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
¹¹⁰ Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD), University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: lydiafor94@gmail.com.
¹¹¹ Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health (IPS MARAÑÓN), IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: parellada@hggm.es.
¹¹² Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD), University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: mafullana@clinic.cat.
¹¹³ Local Health Unit Umbria 1, Department of Mental Health, Mental Health Center of Perugia, Italy. Electronic address: norma.verdolini@gmail.com.
¹¹⁴ National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic. Electronic address: eva.andrlikova@nudz.cz.
¹¹⁵ National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic. Electronic address: karolina.janku@nudz.cz.
¹¹⁶ Glasgow University, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medicine, Vet and Life Science, Glasgow, United Kingdom. Electronic address: mark.john.millan@gmail.com.
¹¹⁷ Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Psychiatrie B, Clermont-Ferrand, France. Electronic address: rmhonciuc@chu-clermontferrand.fr.
¹¹⁸ Medical University of Białystok, Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Poland. Electronic address: annamoniuszko@op.pl.
¹¹⁹ Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Szczecin, Poland; Sanprobi Sp. z o.o. Sp. k, Poland. Electronic address: sanprobi@sanprobi.pl.
¹²⁰ Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Department of Psychiatry, Szczecin, Poland. Electronic address: samoj@pum.edu.pl.
¹²¹ University of Białystok, Institute of Sociology, Society and Cognition Unit, Białystok, Poland. Electronic address: lukaszkiszkiel@gmail.com.
¹²² Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Szczecin, Poland. Electronic address: mariamarlicz@gmail.com.
¹²³ Medical University of Białystok, Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Bialystok, Poland. Electronic address: mailtosowa@gmail.com.
¹²⁴ Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Department of Gastroenterology, Szczecin, Poland; The Centre for Digestive Diseases Endoklinika, Szczecin, Poland. Electronic address: marlicz@hotmail.com.
¹²⁵ South African Medical Research Council Unit on the Genomics of Brain Disorders, Stellenbosch University, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, South Africa. Electronic address: ggiocos@sun.ac.za.
¹²⁶ King's College London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: brendon.stubbs@kcl.ac.uk.
¹²⁷ University of Manchester, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Manchester, United Kingdom. Electronic address: joseph.firth@manchester.ac.uk.
¹²⁸ University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Sarah.Sullivan@bristol.ac.uk.
¹²⁹ Istanbul Topkapı University, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: aslienez@gmail.com.
¹³⁰ Adnan Menderes University Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aydın, Turkey. Electronic address: aksubhatice@yahoo.com.
¹³¹ Uskudar University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: nesrin.dilbaz@gmail.com.
¹³² Uskudar University, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: conurnoyan@gmail.com.
¹³³ Keio University School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: m-kitazawa@keio.jp.
¹³⁴ Keio University School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: shunya5@keio.jp.
¹³⁵ Keio University School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: tazawa@a5.keio.jp.
¹³⁶ Universidad Católica, Department of Psychology, Montevideo, Uruguay. Electronic address: alejandro.anselmi@ucu.edu.uy.
¹³⁷ Universidad Católica, Department of Psychology, Montevideo, Uruguay. Electronic address: ccracco@ucu.edu.uy.
¹³⁸ Universidad Católica, Department of Psychology, Montevideo, Uruguay. Electronic address: amachado@ucu.edu.uy.
¹³⁹ Universidad Católica, Department of Psychology, Montevideo, Uruguay. Electronic address: natalia.estrade@ucu.edu.uy.
¹⁴⁰ Griffith University, South East Queensland, Australia. Electronic address: D.DeLeo@griffith.edu.au.
¹⁴¹ Mindgardens Neuroscience Network, Sydney, Australia. Electronic address: j.curtis@unsw.edu.au.
¹⁴² Deakin University School of Medicine, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: michael.berk@deakin.edu.au.
¹⁴³ UNSW Sydney, School of Psychiatry, Sydney, Australia. Electronic address: p.ward@unsw.edu.au.
¹⁴⁴ Deakin University School of Medicine, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: s.teasdale@unsw.edu.au.
¹⁴⁵ UNSW Sydney, School of Psychiatry, Sydney, Australia. Electronic address: s.rosenbaum@unsw.edu.au.
¹⁴⁶ Deakin University School of Medicine, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: wolf.marx@deakin.edu.au.
¹⁴⁷ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, Faculty of Medicine, Iasi, Romania. Electronic address: adrian-vasile-horodnic@umfiasi.ro.
¹⁴⁸ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, Faculty of Medicine, Iasi, Romania. Electronic address: liviu.oprea@umfiasi.ro.
¹⁴⁹ Institute of Psychiatry "Socola", Iasi, Romania. Electronic address: alexinschi@yahoo.com.
¹⁵⁰ Transilvania University of Brasov, Faculty of Medicine, Brasov, Romania. Electronic address: petru_ifteni@yahoo.com.
¹⁵¹ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, Faculty of Medicine, Iasi, Romania. Electronic address: serban_turliuc@yahoo.com.
¹⁵² Emergency Hospital "Nicolae Oblu", Iasi, Romania. Electronic address: tudorciuhodaru@yahoo.co.uk.
¹⁵³ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, Faculty of Medicine, Iasi, Romania. Electronic address: alex_andra_bolos@yahoo.com.
¹⁵⁴ Psychiatry Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, "Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia" Psychiatric Hospital, Bucharest, Romania. Electronic address: valipmatei@yahoo.com.
¹⁵⁵ Academisch Medisch Centrum Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address: d.h.nieman@amc.uva.nl.
¹⁵⁶ University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Cognitive Neurosciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Groningen, the Netherlands; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands. Electronic address: i.e.c.sommer@umcg.nl.
¹⁵⁷ Utrecht University Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, the Netherlands. Electronic address: j.j.vanos-2@umcutrecht.nl.
¹⁵⁸ Maastricht University, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht, the Netherlands. Electronic address: t.vanamelsvoort@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
¹⁵⁹ China Medical University Hospital, Mind-Body Interface Research Center, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Carilion Clinic Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA. Electronic address: chingfangsun@gmail.com.
¹⁶⁰ China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Division of Psychiatry, Department of Internal Medicine, Taiwan. Electronic address: da20vid@gmail.com.
¹⁶¹ Shenzhen University, School of Psychology, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: jiaocan@szu.edu.cn.
¹⁶² Shenzhen University, School of Psychology, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: jenny121@126.com.
¹⁶³ Shenzhen University, School of Psychology, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: FanJL@szu.edu.cn.
¹⁶⁴ Shenzhen University, School of Psychology, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: liyezou123@gmail.com.
¹⁶⁵ Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Department of Public Mental Health, Pekin, China. Electronic address: yuxin@bjmu.edu.cn.
¹⁶⁶ Shenzhen University, School of Psychology, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address: xinlichi@126.com.
¹⁶⁷ UCLouvain, Institute of Neuroscience and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Department of Adult Psychiatry, Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: Philippe.detimary@uclouvain.be.
¹⁶⁸ Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Neurosciences, Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: ruud.vanwinkel@kuleuven.be.
¹⁶⁹ Asociación Psiquiátrica Mexicana, Mexico. Electronic address: bng@sunvalleyb.com.
¹⁷⁰ Asociación Psiquiátrica Mexicana, Mexico. Electronic address: epena@cisne.mx.
¹⁷¹ Asociación Psiquiátrica Mexicana, Mexico. Electronic address: jramonarellanoc@hotmail.com.
¹⁷² Asociación Psiquiátrica Mexicana, Mexico. Electronic address: raquelrr@hotmail.com.
¹⁷³ Asociación Psiquiátrica Mexicana, Mexico. Electronic address: marsan2@prodigy.net.mx.
¹⁷⁴ Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, Moscow, Russia. Electronic address: movina_larisa@bk.ru.
¹⁷⁵ University of Minho, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal. Electronic address: pedromorgado@med.uminho.pt.
¹⁷⁶ Lisbon's Psychiatric Hospital Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Portugal. Electronic address: pedromorgado@med.uminho.pt.
¹⁷⁷ Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Belarus. Electronic address: oleg.aizberg@gmail.com.
¹⁷⁸ Clienia AG, Wetzikon Psychiatric Centre, Switzerland.
¹⁷⁹ Integrated Psychiatry Winterthur (IPW), Switzerland. Electronic address: damir.krinitski@gmail.com.
¹⁸⁰ Kyambogo University, Department of Sociology and Social Administration, Kampala, Uganda. Electronic address: Jmmugi77@hotmail.com.
¹⁸¹ Stanford University, Department of Psychology, California, USA; Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel (UPK), Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: Bahmanid@stanford.edu.
¹⁸² Department of Clinical Psychology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Electronic address: sheibanifr@mums.ac.ir.
¹⁸³ Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran. Electronic address: sadeghi_mbrc@yahoo.com.
¹⁸⁴ Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: hadi.samira@yahoo.com.
¹⁸⁵ Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken Basel (UPK), Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Basel, Switzerland; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: serge.brand@upk.ch.
¹⁸⁶ Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Santiago, Chile. Electronic address: anerrazuriz@uc.cl.
¹⁸⁷ Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Santiago, Chile. Electronic address: ncrossley@uc.cl.
¹⁸⁸ University of Kragujevac, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kragujevac, Serbia. Electronic address: draganaristic4@gmail.com.
¹⁸⁹ University of Antioquia, Department of Psychiatry, Medellín, Colombia. Electronic address: carlos.lopez20@udea.edu.co.
¹⁹⁰ University of Nicosia, Department of Life and Health Sciences, Nicosia, Cyprus. Electronic address: dimitrisefthy@gmail.com.
¹⁹¹ Jubilee Mission Medical College & Research Institute, Thrissur, India. Electronic address: drpraveenlalkuttichira@gmail.com.
¹⁹² Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Deptartment of Psychiatry, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India. Electronic address: roykalli@gmail.com.
¹⁹³ Chairman, Pakistan Psychiatric Research Centre-Fountain House, Lahore, Pakistan. Electronic address: afzalj@gmail.com.
¹⁹⁴ Faculty of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Pakistan; Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan; Faculty of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan. Electronic address: driqbalafridi@yahoo.com.
¹⁹⁵ Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Department of Clinical Services, Benin-City, Nigeria. Electronic address: bawojames@yahoo.com.
¹⁹⁶ Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Edo State, Nigeria. Electronic address: sebakahomen@gmail.com.
¹⁹⁷ University of Ottawa, Department of Psychiatry, Ontario, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital, Department of Mental Health, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: jfiedorowicz@toh.ca.
¹⁹⁸ Deakin University School of Medicine, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: Andre.Carvalho@camh.ca.
¹⁹⁹ UC San Diego, California, USA. Electronic address: zdaskalakis@health.ucsd.edu.
²⁰⁰ University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. Electronic address: l.yatham@ubc.ca.
²⁰¹ Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada. Electronic address: lin.yang@ahs.ca.
²⁰² Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. Electronic address: tarek.okasha@gmail.com.
²⁰³ Oran 1 University, Department of Psychiatry-Addictology, Oran, Algeria. Electronic address: aichadahdouh@gmail.com.
²⁰⁴ Linköping University, Pain and Rehabilitation Centre and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping, Sweden. Electronic address: bjorn.gerdle@liu.se.
²⁰⁵ Karolinska Institutet, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden; University of Eastern Finland, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland. Electronic address: jari.tiihonen@ki.se.
²⁰⁶ Yonsei University College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: SHINJI@yuhs.ac.
²⁰⁷ Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Wonju, South Korea. Electronic address: jinh.lee95@yonsei.ac.kr.
²⁰⁸ University of Monastir, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, Research Unit "Vulnerability to Mental Disorders" LR05ES10, Monastir, Tunisia. Electronic address: ahmed.mhalla@yahoo.fr.
²⁰⁹ University of Monastir, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, Research Unit "Vulnerability to Mental Disorders" LR05ES10, Monastir, Tunisia. Electronic address: gaha.lotfi@yahoo.fr.
²¹⁰ University of Monastir, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, Research Unit "Vulnerability to Mental Disorders" LR05ES10, Monastir, Tunisia. Electronic address: takoua.brahim@yahoo.com.
²¹¹ Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Mental Health, Kazakhstan. Electronic address: kuanysh_altyn@mail.ru.
²¹² Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Mental Health, Kazakhstan. Electronic address: nick_negaj@mail.ru.
²¹³ Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Mental Health, Kazakhstan. Electronic address: saya_n@yahoo.com.
²¹⁴ Gaza Community Mental Health Programme, Palestine. Electronic address: yasser@gcmhp.net.
²¹⁵ Sheba Medical Center, Israel. Electronic address: mweiser@netvision.net.il.
²¹⁶ Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Berlin, Germany; The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, USA; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, USA; The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Manhasset, NY, USA. Electronic address: christoph.correll@charite.de.

PMID: 36586617
PMCID: PMC9794522
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.022

Abstract

Background: The Collaborative Outcome study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times (COH-FIT; www.coh-fit.com) is an anonymous and global online survey measuring health and functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to test concurrently the validity of COH-FIT items and the internal validity of the co-primary outcome, a composite psychopathology "P-score".

Methods: The COH-FIT survey has been translated into 30 languages (two blind forward-translations, consensus, one independent English back-translation, final harmonization). To measure mental health, 1-4 items ("COH-FIT items") were extracted from validated questionnaires (e.g. Patient Health Questionnaire 9). COH-FIT items measured anxiety, depressive, post-traumatic, obsessive-compulsive, bipolar and psychotic symptoms, as well as stress, sleep and concentration. COH-FIT Items which correlated r ≥ 0.5 with validated companion questionnaires, were initially retained. A P-score factor structure was then identified from these items using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) on data split into training and validation sets. Consistency of results across languages, gender and age was assessed.

Results: From >150,000 adult responses by May 6th, 2022, a subset of 22,456 completed both COH-FIT items and validated questionnaires. Concurrent validity was consistently demonstrated across different languages for COH-FIT items. CFA confirmed EFA results of five first-order factors (anxiety, depression, post-traumatic, psychotic, psychophysiologic symptoms) and revealed a single second-order factor P-score, with high internal reliability (ω = 0.95). Factor structure was consistent across age and sex.

Conclusions: COH-FIT is a valid instrument to globally measure mental health during infection times. The P-score is a valid measure of multidimensional mental health.

Keywords: COH-FIT; Covid-19; Pandemic; Survey: P-factor: well-being: mental health: psychiatry: psychometric.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest Conflict of interest statements of all authors are detailed in Supplementary Table 7.

Figures

**Fig. 1**
Pearson's correlation of COH-FIT domain (x-axis) and validation questionnaire (y-axis) measures for each of the COH-FIT domains.

**Fig. 2**
Factor structure of the composite psychopathology P-Score from confirmatory factor analysis.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Validation of the Collaborative Outcomes study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times (COH-FIT) questionnaire for adults

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Validation of the Collaborative Outcomes study on Health and Functioning during Infection Times (COH-FIT) questionnaire for adults

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Conflict of interest statement

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