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. 2022 Dec 15:13:1036592.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1036592. eCollection 2022.

Unlocking the genetic diversity of Indian turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) germplasm based on rhizome yield traits and curcuminoids

Mastan Vali Dudekula  1 , Venkatesan Kandasamy  1 , Senthamizh Selvi Balaraman  1 , Selva Babu Selvamani  2 , Raveendran Muthurajan  3 , Karthikeyan Adhimoolam  4   5 , Bharani Manoharan  2 , Senthil Natesan  2
Affiliations

Unlocking the genetic diversity of Indian turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) germplasm based on rhizome yield traits and curcuminoids

Mastan Vali Dudekula et al. Front Plant Sci. .

Abstract

Turmeric is an important commercial crop widely grown in Asia due to its pharmacological and nutritional value. India is the centre of turmeric diversity and many turmeric accessions have good rhizome yield, varying curcuminoids content and are well-adapted to various agro-climatic zones. In the present study, we unravel the diversity among 200 Indian turmeric accessions based on rhizome yield traits and curcuminoids content. Clustering and correlation studies were also performed to group the turmeric accessions and to observe the relationship between the traits. Results revealed the presence of large variability among turmeric accessions including the major traits such as yield (24.77 g p-1 to 667.63 g p-1), dry recovery percentage (13.42% to 29.18%), curcumin (0.41% to 2.17%), demethoxycurcumin (0.38% to 1.45%), bisdemethoxycurcumin (0.37% to 1.24%) and total curcuminoid content (1.26% to 4.55%). The superior germplasm identified for curcuminoids content were as follows; curcumin (CL 157 - 2.17% and CL 272 - 2.13%), demethoxycurcumin (CL 253 - 1.45% and CL 157 - 1.31%), bisdemethoxycurcumin (CL 216 - 1.24% and CL 57 - 1.11%) and total curcuminoid content (CL 157 - 4.55% and CL 272 - 4.37%). Clustering based on dendrogram, grouped 200 accessions into seven clusters. Among seven clusters, the maximum number of accessions were grouped into cluster II while cluster VII showed maximum mean value for majority of the traits. Correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between the traits where the total curcuminoid content is significantly and positively correlated with the primary rhizome core diameter and length of the secondary rhizome. The selection of these particular traits may result in the identification of germplasm with high total curcuminoid content. Taken together, it is the first report on the large screening of turmeric accessions for variation in the rhizome yield traits and curcuminoids content. The genetic diversity revealed in this study could be useful for further crop improvement programs in turmeric to develop new varieties with high rhizome yield coupled with high curcuminoids content.

Keywords: Turmeric; curcuminoids; genetic diversity; germplasm; rhizome yield traits.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The field view of 200 turmeric accessions at the College Orchard, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Rhizome yield variation in the turmeric accessions. (A) CL 180, High yielding accession (667.63 g p-1), (B) CL 157, Medium yielding accession (359.32 g p-1) and (C) CL 5, Low yielding accession (24.77 g p-1).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Heat-map chart of curcuminoids content among turmeric accessions along with check varieties.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(A1) TLC plate showing curcuminoid fractions of turmeric accessions along with standard compounds at 366 nm. (Lane 1) CL-94, (Lane 2) CL-252, (Lane 3-5) Standard curcumin (1 µl, 3 µl and 6 µl), (Lane 6-8) Standard demethoxycurcumin (1 µl, 3 µl and 6 µl), (Lane 9-11) Standard bisdemethoxycurcumin (1 µl, 3 µl and 6 µl), (Lane 12) CL-112, (Lane 13) CL-215, (Lane 14) CL-224 and (Lane 15) CL-231. (B1) HPTLC separation of curcuminoid fractions from the check variety CO 2. (A) Curcumin (1.58%), (B) Demethoxycurcumin (0.97%), (C) Bisdemethoxycurcumin (0.82%). (AU) Absorbption intensity and (RF) Retention factor.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Dendrogram depicting grouping of turmeric accessions based on the rhizome yield traits and curcuminoids content.
Figure 6
Figure 6
PCA biplot between PC 1 and PC 2 scores of turmeric accessions. The accessions belonging to different groups are indicated by different colors.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Percent contribution of rhizome yield traits and curcuminoids content to total divergence. (DR) Dry Recovery, (MRN) Number of Mother Rhizomes per Plant, (PRN) Number of Primary Rhizomes per Plant, (SRN) Number of Secondary Rhizomes per Plant, (MRW) Weight of Mother Rhizomes per Plant, (PRW) Weight of Primary Rhizomes per Plant, (SRW) Weight of Secondary Rhizomes per Plant, (MRL) Length of Mother Rhizome, (MRG) Girth of Mother Rhizome, (PRL) Length of Primary Rhizome, (PRG) Girth of Primary Rhizome, (PRD) Primary Rhizome Diameter, (PRCD) Primary Rhizome Core Diameter, and (SRL) Length of Secondary Rhizome.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Pearson correlation coefficients between rhizome yield traits and curcuminoids content in turmeric germplasm. (DR) Dry Recovery, (MRN) Number of Mother Rhizomes per Plant, (PRN) Number of Primary Rhizomes per Plant, (SRN) Number of Secondary Rhizomes per Plant, (MRW) Weight of Mother Rhizomes per Plant, (PRW) Weight of Primary Rhizomes per Plant, (SRW) Weight of Secondary Rhizomes per Plant, (MRL) Length of Mother Rhizome, (MRG) Girth of Mother Rhizome, (PRL) Length of Primary Rhizome, (PRG) Girth of Primary Rhizome, (PRD) Primary Rhizome Diameter, (PRCD) Primary Rhizome Core Diameter, (SRL) Length of Secondary Rhizome, (A) Curcumin, (B) Demethoxycurcumin, (C) Bisdemethoxycurcumin, and (TCC) Total Curcuminoid Content.
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