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. 2022 Dec 15:16:1048375.
doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1048375. eCollection 2022.

Liver fibrosis and retinal features in an older Mediterranean population: Results from the Salus in Apulia study

Luisa Lampignano  1 , Alfredo Niro  2 , Fabio Castellana  1 , Ilaria Bortone  1 , Roberta Zupo  1 , Sarah Tirelli  1 , Rossella Tatoli  1 , Chiara Griseta  1 , Sara De Nucci  1 , Annamaria Sila  1 , Giovanni De Pergola  3 , Caterina Conte  4   5 , Giovanni Alessio  6 , Francesco Boscia  6 , Giancarlo Sborgia  6 ; Eye Clinic Research Group; Gianluigi Giannelli  7 , Rodolfo Sardone  1
Collaborators, Affiliations

Liver fibrosis and retinal features in an older Mediterranean population: Results from the Salus in Apulia study

Luisa Lampignano et al. Front Neurosci. .

Abstract

Background: Age is a leading contributor to the liver fibrosis rate and a gradual deterioration of optical function, but this association in older populations is still under-explored. The present study aimed to explore the link between vascular and neural retinal characteristics and the risk of liver fibrosis in 731 older adults from the population-based Salus in Apulia study.

Methods: Retinal features were obtained using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-angiography (OCT-A). Liver fibrosis risk was taken as the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score. Generalized linear models (logistic regression) were used to estimate the association effect between each unit increase of OCT and OCT-A parameters as independent variables and a FIB-4 ≥ 2.67 score as an outcome. Generalized additive models were used to assess the non-linear association between OCT-A features and the linear FIB-4 score.

Results: Increased gangliar cell complex (GCC) thickness was inversely associated with a FIB-4 score above the cut-off in both the raw model (OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96-0.99; SE: 0.01) and after adjustment for age, sex, education, hypertension, diabetes, total cholesterol, and triglycerides (OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97-0.99; SE: 0.01).

Conclusion: Our findings add to the growing volume of scientific literature demonstrating that liver fibrosis is associated with retinal neurodegeneration. This study raises a number of new questions, including whether OCT-A may be used to track the progression of metabolic abnormalities and define exact thresholds for predicting and classifying liver disease.

Keywords: aging; fibrosis; liver; older population; retina.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Retinal features from OCT-A scan (A) and OCT-B scan (B).
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Generalized additive model on the probability of FIB-4 ≥ 2.67 (fibrosis/no fibrosis) as dependent variable and regressors.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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