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. 2022 Dec 9:3:100107.
doi: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2022.100107. eCollection 2023.

Spatial repellents: The current roadmap to global recommendation of spatial repellents for public health use

Nicole L Achee  1 , T Alex Perkins  1 , Sean M Moore  1 , Fang Liu  2 , Issaka Sagara  3 , Suzanne Van Hulle  4 , Eric O Ochomo  5 , John E Gimnig  6 , Hasitha A Tissera  7 , Steven A Harvey  8 , April Monroe  9 , Amy C Morrison  10 , Thomas W Scott  11 , Robert C Reiner Jr  12 , John P Grieco  1
Affiliations

Spatial repellents: The current roadmap to global recommendation of spatial repellents for public health use

Nicole L Achee et al. Curr Res Parasitol Vector Borne Dis. .

Abstract

Spatial repellent (SR) products are envisioned to complement existing vector control methods through the continual release of volatile active ingredients (AI) providing: (i) protection against day-time and early-evening biting; (ii) protection in enclosed/semi-enclosed and peri-domestic spaces; (iii) various formulations to fit context-specific applications; and (iv) increased coverage over traditional control methods. SR product AIs also have demonstrated effect against insecticide-resistant vectors linked to malaria and Aedes-borne virus (ABV) transmission. Over the past two decades, key stakeholders, including World Health Organization (WHO) representatives, have met to discuss the role of SRs in reducing arthropod-borne diseases based on existing evidence. A key focus has been to establish a critical development path for SRs, including scientific, regulatory and social parameters that would constitute an outline for a SR target product profile, i.e. optimum product characteristics. The principal gap is the lack of epidemiological data demonstrating SR public health impact across a range of different ecological and epidemiological settings, to inform a WHO policy recommendation. Here we describe in brief trials that are designed to fulfill evidence needs for WHO assessment and initial projections of SR cost-effectiveness against malaria and dengue.

Keywords: Clinical trials; Cost-effectiveness; Dengue; Malaria; Social science; Spatial repellents; WHO.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Image 1
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Overview of spatial repellent data gaps, evidence generation, outcome and goal. 1 Indonesia and Peru trials completed, sponsored by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Kenya, Mali, Sri Lanka trials underway sponsored by Unitaid.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Key upcoming opportunities for spatial repellent (SR) global policy advancement.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Limitations and uncertainties involved in estimating the public health and economic impacts of spatial repellents (SRs).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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