Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2022 Dec 15;7(51):47490-47503.
doi: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04483. eCollection 2022 Dec 27.

Polymerization and Applications of Poly(methyl methacrylate)-Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites: A Review

Muhammad Naziff Ahamad Said  1 , Nurul Anis Hasbullah  1 , Muhammad Ridhwan Hafiz Rosdi  1 , Muhamad Sharan Musa  1 , Arjulizan Rusli  1 , Azlan Ariffin  1 , Mohamad Danial Shafiq  1
Affiliations
Review

Polymerization and Applications of Poly(methyl methacrylate)-Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites: A Review

Muhammad Naziff Ahamad Said et al. ACS Omega. .

Abstract

Graphene oxide (GO)-incorporated poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites (PMMA-GO) have demonstrated a wide range of outstanding mechanical, electrical, and physical characteristics. It is of interest to review the synthesis of PMMA-GO nanocomposites and their applications as multifunctional structural materials. The attention of this review is to focus on the radical polymerization techniques, mainly bulk and emulsion polymerization, to prepare PMMA-GO polymeric nanocomposite materials. This review also discusses the effect of solvent polarity on the polymerization process and the types of surfactants (anionic, cationic, nonionic) and initiator used in the polymerization. PMMA-GO nanocomposite synthesis using radical polymerization-based techniques is an active topic of study with several prospects for considerable future improvement and a variety of possible emerging applications. The concentration and dispersity of GO used in the polymerization play critical roles to ensure the functionality and performance of the PMMA-GO nanocomposites.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic diagram of free radical polymerization of PMMA: (a) typical reaction of initiator radical formation, chain initiation, and propagation, and (b–e) four types of chain propagation phase. Reprinted with permission from ref (25). Copyright 2020 MDPI (CCBY 4.0).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic diagram of chain termination of PMMA radical polymerization via recombination and disproportionation. Reprinted with permission from ref (25). Copyright 2020 MDPI (CCBY 4.0).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Illustration of the mechanism of hydroquinone as a polymerization inhibitor.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Types of surfactants.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Representation of emulsion polymerization of PMMA using AIBN initiator and AUPDS surfmer (surface active agent). Adapted from ref (43). Copyright 2018 MDPI (CCBY 4.0).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Mechanism by polymer nanocomposite to reduce the wax deposition.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Zhang W.; Müller A. H. E. Architecture, Self-Assembly and Properties of Well-Defined Hybrid Polymers Based on Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsequioxane (POSS. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2013, 38 (8), 1121–1162. 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.03.002. - DOI
    1. Swolfs Y.; Gorbatikh L.; Verpoest I. Fibre Hybridisation in Polymer Composites: A Review. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 2014, 67, 181–200. 10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.08.027. - DOI
    1. Kaur S.; Gallei M.; Ionescu E. Polymer–Ceramic Nanohybrid Materials. Organice-Inorganic Hybrid Nanomaterials; Sprinter International Publishing: Cham 2014, 267, 143–185. 10.1007/12_2014_282. - DOI
    1. Corredor L. M.; Husein M. M.; Maini B. B. A Review of Polymer Nanohybrids for Oil Recovery. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 2019, 272, 102018.10.1016/j.cis.2019.102018. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Sun J.; Ma Q.; Xue D.; Shan W.; Liu R.; Dong B.; Zhang J.; Wang Z.; Shao B. Polymer/Inorganic Nanohybrids: An Attractive Materials for Analysis and Sensing. TrAC Trends Anal. Chem. 2021, 140, 116273.10.1016/j.trac.2021.116273. - DOI