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. 2023 Feb;40(1):1-17.
doi: 10.1007/s10719-022-10096-2. Epub 2023 Jan 3.

Partial characterization of purified glycoprotein from nutshell of Arachis hypogea L. towards macrophage activation and leishmaniacidal activity

Sujatha Srinivasan  1 , Mamilla R Charan Raja  1   2 , Amrita Kar  1 , Aishwarya Ramasamy  1 , Adithyan Jayaraman  1 , Vellingiri Vadivel  1 , Santanu Kar Mahapatra  3   4
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Partial characterization of purified glycoprotein from nutshell of Arachis hypogea L. towards macrophage activation and leishmaniacidal activity

Sujatha Srinivasan et al. Glycoconj J. 2023 Feb.

Abstract

Arachis hypogea L. protein fraction-2 (AHP-F2) from the Peanut shell was extracted and characterized and its potent immunomodulatory and anti-leishmanial role was determined in this present study. AHP-F2 was found to be a glycoprotein as the presence of carbohydrates were confirmed by the analysis of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) yielded glucose, galactose, mannose, and xylose. AHP-F2 molecular mass was found to be ∼28 kDa as indicated in MALDI-TOF and peptide mass fingerprinting analysis followed by Mascot search. The peptide matches revealed the similarity of the mannose/glucose binding lectin with 71.07% in the BLAST analysis. After that, the 3D structure of the AHP-F2 model was designed and validated by the Ramachandran plot. The immunomodulatory role of AHP-F2 was established in murine peritoneal macrophages as induction of nitric oxide (NO), and stimulation of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-12 and IFN-γ) in a dose-dependent manner was observed. Interestingly, it was also found that AHP-F2 has interacted with the innate immune receptor, toll-like receptors (TLRs) as established in molecular docking as well as mRNA expression. The anti-leishmanial potential of AHP-F2 was revealed with a prominent inhibition of amastigote growth within the murine macrophages with prompt induction of nitrite release. Altogether, the isolated AHP-F2 from Arachis hypogea L. has strong immunomodulatory and anti-leishmanial potential which may disclose a new path to treat leishmaniasis.

Keywords: Arachis hypogea L. nutshell; Glycoprotein; Leishmania donovani; Macrophage activation; Nitric oxide (NO).

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