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Review
. 2023 Jan;25(1):31-41.
doi: 10.1007/s11883-022-01079-7. Epub 2023 Jan 5.

Highlights of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Studies Presented at the 2022 American Heart Association Scientific Sessions

Kartik Gupta  1 , Josh R Hirsch  2 , Jasmeet Kalsi  1 , Vaidahi Patel  3 , Mohamed Medhat Gad  2 , Salim S Virani  4   5   6
Affiliations
Review

Highlights of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Studies Presented at the 2022 American Heart Association Scientific Sessions

Kartik Gupta et al. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2023 Jan.

Abstract

Purpose of review: Summarize selected late-breaking science on cardiovascular (CV) disease prevention presented at the 2022 scientific session of the American Heart Association (AHA).

Recent findings: The PROMINENT trial compared pemafibrate to a placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridemia and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)<40 mg/dL who were already on guideline-directed statin therapy. The RESPECT-EPA trial compared purified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and statin therapy to statin therapy alone for secondary prevention of atherosclerotic CV disease (ASCVD). SPORT compared the efficacy of low-dose statin therapy with a placebo and six commonly used dietary supplements on lipid and inflammatory markers. Data from long-term follow-up of the FOURIER-OLE study was presented to evaluate the efficacy of very low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels with proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors. Patient-level meta-analyses evaluated the association of statin therapy with new-onset DM and worse glycemic control. PROMPT-LIPID evaluated if automated electronic alerts to physicians with guideline-based recommendations improved the management of hyperlipidemia in patients at very high risk. NOTIFY-1 trial evaluated if notifying physicians and patients about coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores in non-ECG gated computed tomography scans led to increased prescription of statin therapy for primary ASCVD prevention. The DCP trial compared hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone for blood pressure control and CV outcomes in hypertension. The CRHCP study compared the effectiveness of a village doctor for hypertension management and CV outcomes in rural areas of China. The QUARTET USA trial compared the effectiveness and safety of 4 antihypertensive medications in ultra-low doses with angiotensin-receptor blocker monotherapy. The late-breaking science presented at the 2022 scientific session of the AHA paves the way for future pragmatic trials and provides meaningful information to guide management strategies in cardiovascular disease prevention.

Keywords: Chlorthalidone; FOURIER; Hydrochlorothiazide; PROMINENT; QUARTET; SPORT.

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References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance
    1. Hermel M, Tsai S, Dlouhy L, B KA, Rana JS, Dani SS, et al. Highlights of cardiovascular disease prevention studies presented at the 2022 American College of Cardiology scientific sessions. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2022;24(8):671–80. - DOI
    1. Hermel M, Pelter M, Jordan T, Latif A, Gad MM, Slipczuk L, et al. Highlights of cardiovascular disease prevention studies presented at the 2022 European Society of Cardiology Congress. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2022:1–13.
    1. Lee MT, George J, Shahab H, Hermel M, Rana JS, Virani SS. Highlights of cardiovascular disease studies presented at the 2021 American Heart Association scientific sessions. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2022;24(1):61–72. - DOI
    1. • Effects of long-term fenofibrate therapy on cardiovascular events in 9795 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the FIELD study): randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. 2005;366(9500):1849–61. Laid the groundwork and provides context for the studies reviewed here.
    1. • Niacin in patients with low HDL cholesterol levels receiving intensive statin therapy. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(24):2255–67. Laid the groundwork and provides context for the studies reviewed here.

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