Relationship Between Visceral Adipose Tissue and Bone Mineral Density in Older People: Results from AHAP Study

Abstract

Introduction: Due to discrepancy of the relationship between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and bone mineral density (BMD), this study was performed to determine the relationship between BMD and VAT in the elderly.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study is part of the second wave of Amirkola Health and Ageing Project (AHAP), including 1,200 people aged 60 years and older. BMD and VAT were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in Hologic equipment. Based on the amount of VAT, individuals were divided into four quartiles. Then, the data were statistically analyzed by SPSS22 software using chi-square, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and logistic regression.

Results: The mean age of the participants was 69.6 ± 6.9 year and the mean VAT was 862.6 ± 337.8 gram. In this study, people with osteoporosis had less VAT (p<0.0001). Furthermore, with the increase in the amount of VAT, BMD increased in the femoral region and lumbar spine (p<0.0001). There was a positive and significant correlation between VAT and BMD in the femoral region (r = 0.267) and lumbar spine (r = 0.197) (p<0.0001). After performing multiple logistic regression analysis in the presence of factors such as age, gender, body mass index and especially lean mass, the protective role of VAT against osteoporosis was maintained (OR=0.510, CI_95% (0.290-0.895)) (P = 0.019).

Conclusions: This study has shown that VAT can independently have a positive association with BMD in the elderly.

Keywords: Bone mineral density; Elderly; Osteoporosis; Visceral adipose tissue.