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. 2022 Dec 28;13(1):80.
doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13010080.

Spectrum of Bacterial Pathogens from Urinary Infections Associated with Struvite and Metabolic Stones

Adam Halinski  1   2 , Kamran Hassan Bhatti  3 , Luca Boeri  4 , Jonathan Cloutier  5 , Kaloyan Davidoff  6 , Ayman Elqady  7 , Goran Fryad  8 , Mohamed Gadelmoula  7 , Hongyi Hui  9 , Kremena Petkova  10 , Elenko Popov  6 , Bapir Rawa  11 , Iliya Saltirov  10 , Francisco Rodolfo Spivacow  12 , Belthangady Monu Zeeshan Hameed  13 , Katarzyna Arkusz  14 , Alberto Trinchieri  15 , Noor Buchholz  15
Affiliations

Spectrum of Bacterial Pathogens from Urinary Infections Associated with Struvite and Metabolic Stones

Adam Halinski et al. Diagnostics (Basel). .

Abstract

Objective: The purposes of this multi-center study were to evaluate the rate of infection stones and to evaluate the urine cultures of patients with infection stones.

Materials: Charts of adulpatients with urinary stones were reviewed and data on stone analyses and urine cultures were collected.

Results: In total, 1204 renal stone formers (RSFs) from 10 countries were included (776 males, 428 females). Fifty-six patients (4.6%) had struvite stones. The highest frequency of struvite stones was observed in India (23%) and Pakistan (18%). Lower rates were reported in Canada (2%), China (3%), Argentina (3%), Iraq (3%), Italy (3.5%) and Poland (3%), and intermediate rates in Egypt (5.5%) and Bulgaria (5.4%). Urine cultures were retrieved from 508 patients. Patients with struvite stones had a positive culture in 64.3% of the samples and patients with other stones, in 26.7%. In struvite stones, the most common isolates were Escherichia coli (27.7%) and Proteus spp. (27.7%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (16.7%); in other types of stone, it was Escherichia coli (47.6%), followed by Gram-positive bacteria (14.0%) Conclusions: The struvite stone composition was associated with a urinary infection, although an infection was not demonstrable with a conventional midstream urine culture in about 30%.

Keywords: Escherichia coli; Gram-positive pathogens; Proteus mirabilis; struvite; urease; urinary calculi; urinary tract infection.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Male-to-female ratio of patients with struvite stones.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Rates of struvite stones in stone formers from different countries.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Mean age (A) and M/F ratio (B) of patients with struvite stones from different geographical areas.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Bacterial spectrum of urine of patients with struvite stones (>50%) and other stones of metabolic origin.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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