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. 2022 Dec 21;13(1):23.
doi: 10.3390/ani13010023.

Use of Heating Methods and Xylose to Increase Rumen Undegradable Protein of Alternative Protein Sources: 1) Peanut Meal

Fernanda Rigon  1   2 , David A B Pereira  1 , Kalista E Loregian  1   2 , Elaine Magnani  1 , Marcos I Marcondes  3 , Renata H Branco  1 , Pedro D B Benedeti  2 , Eduardo M Paula  1
Affiliations

Use of Heating Methods and Xylose to Increase Rumen Undegradable Protein of Alternative Protein Sources: 1) Peanut Meal

Fernanda Rigon et al. Animals (Basel). .

Abstract

Peanut meal has an excellent total protein content but also has low rumen undegradable protein (RUP). High-performance ruminants have high RUP requirements. We aimed to evaluate the effects of processing peanut meal with an autoclave and conventional and microwave ovens, with and without using xylose on its ruminal kinetics degradation parameters and intestinal digestibility (ID). In situ studies were conducted to determine dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) rumen degradation kinetics. In vitro studies were conducted to evaluate intestinal digestibility (ID). The control treatment had a greater fraction A for DM and CP than peanut meals processed with an autoclave or conventional oven. The control had greater kd for CP compared with the microwave. The addition of xylose decreased fraction A, the degradation rate of fraction B (kd) and RUP, and increased the protein B fraction of autoclaved peanut meal. We observed a decrease in effective degradability (ED) and increased RUP for processed treatments in all experiments compared with the control. Processing methods did not affect the protein ID of autoclaved peanut meal compared to the control. An interaction between xylose and heating time was observed, where increasing heating time linearly reduced the ID of xylose-untreated treatments. Overall, these results suggest that the tested methods effectively increased the RUP content of peanut meal.

Keywords: beef cattle; protein degradation; protein feedstuff; ruminal degradation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effects of autoclave heating and xylose treatment on dry matter effective degradability ((a), ED), rumen undegradable protein ((b), RUP), and intestinal digestibility (c) of peanut meal. ED = A + [B × kd/(kd + kp) × e−kt] [31]; RUP = B × [kp/(kp + kd)], where A is the water-soluble fraction, g/kg; B is the potentially degradable water-insoluble fraction, g/kg; kd is the degradation rate of fraction b, h−1; t is time, h; and kp is the rumen passage rate (k) of 0.074 h−1 [32].
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effects of conventional oven heating and xylose treatment on dry matter effective degradability ((a), ED), rumen undegradable protein ((b), RUP), and intestinal digestibility (c) of peanut meal. ED = A + [B × kd/(kd + kp) × e−kt] [31]; RUP = B × [kp/(kp + kd)], where A is the water-soluble fraction, g/kg; B is the potentially degradable water-insoluble fraction, g/kg; kd is the degradation rate of fraction B, h−1; t is time, h; and kp is the rumen passage rate (k) of 0.074 h−1 [32].
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effects of microwave oven heating and xylose treatment on dry matter effective degradability ((a), ED), rumen undegradable protein ((b), RUP), and intestinal digestibility (c) of peanut meal. ED = A + [B × kd/(kd + kp) × e−kt] [31]; RUP = B × [kp/(kp + kd)], where A is the water-soluble fraction, g/kg; B is the potentially degradable water-insoluble fraction, g/kg; kd is the degradation rate of fraction b, h−1; t is time, h; and kp is the rumen passage rate (k) of 0.074 h−1 [32].
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