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. 2022 Dec 30;20(1):728.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph20010728.

Developing a Scale Using Item Response Theory of the Self-Resilience in Taekwondo Players

Hyun-Bin Kim  1 , Jung-Hun Nam  2 , Dong-Hwa Chung  3 , Eun-Hyung Cho  4
Affiliations

Developing a Scale Using Item Response Theory of the Self-Resilience in Taekwondo Players

Hyun-Bin Kim et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to identify the ego-resiliency of Taekwondo athletes and to develop a scale measuring such skills. We collected preliminary data using an open-ended online survey targeting Taekwondo athletes from nine countries (South Korea, China, Malaysia, United States, Spain, France, Brazil, United Kingdom, and Taiwan) who participated in international competitions between 2019 and 2020. We extracted participants' ego-resiliency from 48 survey responses, guided by expert meetings and a thorough literature review. We verified our Taekwondo ego-resiliency scale's construct validity using 741 survey responses. We utilized V coefficients, parallel analysis, an exploratory structural equation model, maximum likelihood, confirmatory factor analysis, and multi-group confirmatory factor analysis for data analysis. We identified four core ego-resiliency types: "empathy," "coach support," "care," and "parent support/effort". Our final measure, which demonstrated evidence of reliability and validity, comprises 18 items spanning 4 factors, with each item rated on a 3-point Likert scale.

Keywords: ego-resilience; taekwondo; validation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. Furthermore, the funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

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