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. 2022 Dec 25;12(1):110.
doi: 10.3390/foods12010110.

Composition-Based Risk Estimation of Mycotoxins in Dry Dog Foods

Ovidiu Ionut Geicu  1 , Liviu Bilteanu  1   2 , Loredana Stanca  1 , Adriana Ionescu Petcu  1 , Florin Iordache  1 , Aurelia Magdalena Pisoschi  1 , Andreea Iren Serban  1   3
Affiliations

Composition-Based Risk Estimation of Mycotoxins in Dry Dog Foods

Ovidiu Ionut Geicu et al. Foods. .

Abstract

The risk of mycotoxins co-occurrence in extrusion-produced dry foods increases due to their composition based on various grains and vegetables. This study aimed to validate a risk estimation for the association between ingredients and the ELISA-detected levels of DON, FUM, ZEA, AFs, T2, and OTA in 34 dry dog food products. The main ingredients were corn, beet, and oil of different origins (of equal frequency, 79.41%), rice (67.6%), and wheat (50%). DON and FUM had the strongest positive correlation (0.635, p = 0.001). The presence of corn in the sample composition increased the median DON and ZEA levels, respectively, by 99.45 μg/kg and 65.64 μg/kg, p = 0.011. In addition to DON and ZEA levels, integral corn presence increased the FUM median levels by 886.61 μg/kg, p = 0.005. For corn gluten flour-containing samples, DON, FUM, and ZEA median differences still existed, and OTA levels also differed by 1.99 μg/kg, p < 0.001. Corn gluten flour presence was strongly associated with DON levels > 403.06 μg/kg (OR = 38.4, RR = 9.90, p = 0.002), FUM levels > 1097.56 μg/kg (OR = 5.56, RR = 1.45, p = 0.048), ZEA levels > 136.88 μg/kg (OR = 23.00, RR = 3.09, p = 0.002), and OTA levels > 3.93 μg/kg (OR = 24.00, RR = 3.09, p = 0.002). Our results suggest that some ingredients or combinations should be avoided due to their risk of increasing mycotoxin levels.

Keywords: cereal; dry dog food; mycotoxin; risk estimation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Two by two crosstabs of main ingredients in the composition of the analyzed samples (all diets and producers combined). The pairwise manner account for the presence of the ingredients’ source in the simultaneous presence (yes-yes), the presence of one source while the other is absent (yes-no or no-yes), and the concomitant absence (no-no).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Positive and statistically significant differences in the median levels of (a) DON, FUM, and ZEA and (b) OTA, T2, and AFs mycotoxins in groups defined (absence or presence) of some main ingredients, some derived ingredients, or their combinations in the composition of the samples. The statistically significant differences for DON are highlighted in orange, for FUM in blue, for ZEA in pale pink, for OTA in pink, for T2 toxin in purple, and AFs in gray. * All derived ingredients included; ** All origins included.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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