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Review
. 2022 Dec 21;24(1):75.
doi: 10.3390/ijms24010075.

Lipids in Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiology and the Role of Calculated Lipid Indices in Assessing Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Hyperlipidemia

Melania Gaggini  1 , Francesca Gorini  1 , Cristina Vassalle  2
Affiliations
Review

Lipids in Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiology and the Role of Calculated Lipid Indices in Assessing Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Hyperlipidemia

Melania Gaggini et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

The role of lipids is essential in any phase of the atherosclerotic process, which is considered a chronic lipid-related and inflammatory condition. The traditional lipid profile (including the evaluation of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein) is a well-established tool to assess the risk of atherosclerosis and as such has been widely used as a pillar of cardiovascular disease prevention and as a target of pharmacological treatments in clinical practice over the last decades. However, other non-traditional lipids have emerged as possible alternative predictors of cardiometabolic risk in addition to traditional single or panel lipids, as they better reflect the overall interaction between lipid/lipoprotein fractions. Therefore, this review deals with the lipid involvement characterizing the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, discussing some recently proposed non-traditional lipid indices and, in the light of available knowledge, their actual potential as new additive tools to better stratify cardiovascular risk in patients with hyperlipidemia as well as possible therapeutic targets in the clinical practice.

Keywords: AIP; CRI-I; CRI-II; TRL-C; atherosclerosis; lipids; non-HDL; non-invasive lipid indices.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Main advantages/disadvantages of the new proposed non-invasive lipid indices.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Evolution from current to future medicine. Stratification and revised classification towards a more personalized approach to clinical practice should occur through a growing understanding of molecular and biological mechanisms.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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