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Review
. 2022 Dec 29;24(1):608.
doi: 10.3390/ijms24010608.

Advances in Human Mitochondria-Based Therapies

Gang Zhong  1 , Jagadeesh K Venkatesan  1 , Henning Madry  1 , Magali Cucchiarini  1
Affiliations
Review

Advances in Human Mitochondria-Based Therapies

Gang Zhong et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Mitochondria are the key biological generators of eukaryotic cells, controlling the energy supply while providing many important biosynthetic intermediates. Mitochondria act as a dynamic, functionally and structurally interconnected network hub closely integrated with other cellular compartments via biomembrane systems, transmitting biological information by shuttling between cells and tissues. Defects and dysregulation of mitochondrial functions are critically involved in pathological mechanisms contributing to aging, cancer, inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, and other severe human diseases. Mediating and rejuvenating the mitochondria may therefore be of significant benefit to prevent, reverse, and even treat such pathological conditions in patients. The goal of this review is to present the most advanced strategies using mitochondria to manage such disorders and to further explore innovative approaches in the field of human mitochondria-based therapies.

Keywords: aging; cancer; inflammatory diseases; mitochondria; mitochondrial diseases; oxidative disorders; regenerative medicine.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Central roles of mitochondria in human diseases. Abbreviations: CoA, coenzyme A; NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; ADP, adenosine diphosphate; FADH2, flavine adenine dinucleotide; TCA, tricarboxylic acid; MCU, mitochondrial calcium uniporter; VDAC1, voltage-dependent anion channel 1; IP3R, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor; RyR, ryanodine receptor.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Mitochondrial biology in age-related disorders. Abbreviations: MAMs, mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes; MCU, mitochondrial calcium uniporter; VDAC1, voltage-dependent anion channel 1; IP3R, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor; RyR, ryanodine receptor; OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation; ETC, electron transport chain; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The Warburg effect in cancer.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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