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Review
. 2022 Dec 23;12(1):103.
doi: 10.3390/jcm12010103.

Development of the Peritoneal Metastasis: A Review of Back-Grounds, Mechanisms, Treatments and Prospects

Kaijie Ren  1 , Xin Xie  2 , Tianhao Min  1 , Tuanhe Sun  1 , Haonan Wang  1 , Yong Zhang  1 , Chengxue Dang  1 , Hao Zhang  1
Affiliations
Review

Development of the Peritoneal Metastasis: A Review of Back-Grounds, Mechanisms, Treatments and Prospects

Kaijie Ren et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Peritoneal metastasis is a malignant disease which originated from several gastrointestinal and gynecological carcinomas and has been leading to a suffering condition in patients for decades. Currently, as people have gradually become more aware of the severity of peritoneal carcinomatosis, new molecular mechanisms for targeting and new treatments have been proposed. However, due to the uncertainty of influencing factors involved and a lack of a standardized procedure for this treatment, as well as a need for more clinical data for specific evaluation, more research is needed, both for preventing and treating. We aim to summarize backgrounds, mechanisms and treatments in this area and conclude limitations or new aspects for treatments.

Keywords: molecular mechanisms; peritoneal carcinomatosis; treatment.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Steps of occurring peritoneal metastasis.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Molecular mechanisms of adhesive interactions mediating peritoneal carcinomatosis. ICAM-1 = intercellular adhesion molecule-1. VCAM-1= vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. L1CAM = L1 cell adhesion molecule. NECL = Nectin-like (NECL) family. CD44 = hyalonurate receptor. SDF-1α = stromal cell-derived factor 1α. CXCR4 = CXC receptor 4. CXCR2 = CXC receptor 2. CXCL12 = CXC ligand 12.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Treatments being applied to peritoneal metastasis. HIPEC = hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. PIPAC = pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy. HIUS = high-intensity ultrasound. NIPS = neoadjuvant intraperitoneal and systemic chemotherapy. Hydrogel = using hydrogel as a delivery system for local regions.
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