RETRACTED: Capacitive Behavior of Aqueous Electrical Double Layer Based on Dipole Dimer Water Model

Abstract

The aim of the present paper is to investigate the possibility of using the dipole dimer as water model in describing the electrical double layer capacitor capacitance behaviors. Several points are confirmed. First, the use of the dipole dimer water model enables several experimental phenomena of aqueous electrical double layer capacitance to be achievable: suppress the differential capacitance values gravely overestimated by the hard sphere water model and continuum medium water model, respectively; reproduce the negative correlation effect between the differential capacitance and temperature, insensitivity of the differential capacitance to bulk electrolyte concentration, and camel-shaped capacitance-voltage curves; and more quantitatively describe the camel peak position of the capacitance-voltage curve and its dependence on the counter-ion size. Second, we fully illustrate that the electric dipole plays an irreplaceable role in reproducing the above experimentally confirmed capacitance behaviors and the previous hard sphere water model without considering the electric dipole is simply not competent. The novelty of the paper is that it shows the potential of the dipole dimer water model in helping reproduce experimentally verified aqueous electric double layer capacitance behaviors. One can expect to realize this potential by properly selecting parameters such as the dimer site size, neutral interaction, residual dielectric constant, etc.

Keywords: aqueous electrolyte; differential capacitance; electric dipole; electrical double layer capacitor; nanoconfinement.

Figure 1

Correlation between the bulk electrolyte concentrations and differential capacitance–voltage curves.

Figure 2

Function relation between the differential capacitance $C_d$ and bulk electrolyte concentration $c$ at different electrode potentials $U$ .

Figure 3

Correlation between the temperature $T$ and differential capacitance–voltage curves (a–c).

Figure 4

Correlation between the counter- and co-ion sizes and differential capacitance–voltage curves. The cation diameter in Å changes from 2, 2.4, 2.8, 3.2, 3.6, 4.0, to 4.4.