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Review
. 2022 Dec 23;23(1):120.
doi: 10.3390/s23010120.

The Need for Cybersecurity in Industrial Revolution and Smart Cities

Antonio Clim  1 , Andrei Toma  1 , Răzvan Daniel Zota  1 , Radu Constantinescu  1
Affiliations
Review

The Need for Cybersecurity in Industrial Revolution and Smart Cities

Antonio Clim et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

Cities have grown in development and sophistication throughout human history. Smart cities are the current incarnation of this process, with increased complexity and social importance. This complexity has come to involve significant digital components and has thus come to raise the associated cybersecurity concerns. Major security relevant events can cascade into the connected systems making up a smart city, causing significant disruption of function and economic damage. The present paper aims to survey the landscape of scientific publication related to cybersecurity-related issues in relation to smart cities. Relevant papers were selected based on the number of citations and the quality of the publishing journal as a proxy indicator for scientific relevance. Cybersecurity will be shown to be reflected in the selected literature as an extremely relevant concern in the operation of smart cities. Generally, cybersecurity is implemented in actual cities through the concerted application of both mature existing technologies and emerging new approaches.

Keywords: Internet of Things; cybersecurity; industry 4.0; industry 5.0; smart city; smart factory; smart mobility.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Industrial revolution [9].
Figure 2
Figure 2
The Industry 4.0 Environment [26].
Figure 3
Figure 3
Elements of Industry 4.0 [26].
Figure 4
Figure 4
Industry 4.0 and the elements of digitalization [38].
Figure 5
Figure 5
Tools of digitalization in industry 4.0 [45].
Figure 6
Figure 6
Representation of cyber security risks posed by humans considering the benign or malicious intent and the level of computational competence [57].
Figure 7
Figure 7
Representation of off-path and on-path caching mechanism in smart city [87].
Figure 8
Figure 8
Architectural depiction of smart city [96].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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