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Review
. 2022 Dec 30;23(1):426.
doi: 10.3390/s23010426.

Current Technologies for Detection of COVID-19: Biosensors, Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Medical Things (IoMT): Review

Irkham Irkham  1 , Abdullahi Umar Ibrahim  2 , Chidi Wilson Nwekwo  2 , Fadi Al-Turjman  3   4 , Yeni Wahyuni Hartati  1
Affiliations
Review

Current Technologies for Detection of COVID-19: Biosensors, Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Medical Things (IoMT): Review

Irkham Irkham et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

Despite the fact that COVID-19 is no longer a global pandemic due to development and integration of different technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, technological advancement in the field of molecular biology, electronics, computer science, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, nanotechnology, etc. has led to the development of molecular approaches and computer aided diagnosis for the detection of COVID-19. This study provides a holistic approach on COVID-19 detection based on (1) molecular diagnosis which includes RT-PCR, antigen-antibody, and CRISPR-based biosensors and (2) computer aided detection based on AI-driven models which include deep learning and transfer learning approach. The review also provide comparison between these two emerging technologies and open research issues for the development of smart-IoMT-enabled platforms for the detection of COVID-19.

Keywords: COVID-19; Internet of Medical Things (IoMT); artificial intelligence; biosensors; computer-aided detection (CAD).

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Comparison between SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV-2, and SARS-CoV-2.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Clinical Manifestation of COVID-19.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Molecular diagnostic approaches for the detection of COVID-19. 1. Approved Diagnostic Methods; A. Rapid Antigen and Rapid Antibody Tests; B. RT-PCR-based Molecular Tests; C. Immune Enzymatic Serological Tests. 2. Firstly Used Diagnostic; A. Viral Culture; B. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) Methods; C. Radiological Investigation; D. Clinical Examination; 3. Research-used Diagnostic Methods; A. Isothermal Amplification Techniques; B. Electron microscopy-based Methods; C. Biosensors; D. CRISPR/Cas9-based Diagnostic Methods. E. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Detection of COVID-19 using RT-PCR Technique.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Left: Anterior–posterior (AP) view chest X-ray. Middle. Posterior–anterior (PA) view frontal chest X-ray. Right: lateral chest X-ray.
Figure 6
Figure 6
CT scan Image. Left: COVID-19. Right: Normal.
Figure 7
Figure 7
AI-Powered Detection of COVID-19 from X-ray images.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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