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Review
. 2022 Dec 21:12:1089320.
doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1089320. eCollection 2022.

Immunoregulatory framework and the role of miRNA in the pathogenesis of NSCLC - A systematic review

Nikhil Samarth  1 , Pooja Gulhane  1 , Shailza Singh  1
Affiliations
Review

Immunoregulatory framework and the role of miRNA in the pathogenesis of NSCLC - A systematic review

Nikhil Samarth et al. Front Oncol. .

Abstract

With a 5-year survival rate of only 15%, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the most common kind of lung carcinoma and the cause of millions of deaths annually, has drawn attention. Numerous variables, such as disrupted signaling caused by somatic mutations in the EGFR-mediated RAS/RAF/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT signaling cascade, supports tumour survival in one way or another. Here, the tumour microenvironment significantly contributes to the development of cancer by thwarting the immune response. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of gene expression that can function as oncogenes or oncosuppressors. They have a major influence on the occurrence and prognosis of NSCLC. Though, a myriad number of therapies are available and many are being clinically tested, still the drug resistance, its adverse effect and toxicity leading towards fatality cannot be ruled out. In this review, we tried to ascertain the missing links in between perturbed EGFR signaling, miRNAs favouring tumorigenesis and the autophagy mechanism. While connecting all the aforementioned points multiple associations were set, which can be targeted in order to combat NSCLC. Here, we tried illuminating designing synthetically engineered circuits with the toggle switches that might lay a prototype for better therapeutic paradigm.

Keywords: EGFR; EGFR-TKIs; NSCLC; autophagy; miRNA; synthetic biology.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Subtypes of lung cancer.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Hallmarks of Cancer.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Tumor microenvironment.
Figure 4
Figure 4
miRNA biogenesis and regulation.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Perturbed EGFR signaling leading towards autophagy and key regulatory miRNA in EGFR signalling in NSCLC.
Figure 6
Figure 6
miRNA regulating different cells in the NSCLC microenvironment.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Synthetic biology modulating diseased state into a healthy state through different types of synthetic circuit.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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