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. 2023 Apr;293(4):520-523.
doi: 10.1111/joim.13601. Epub 2023 Jan 10.

Long-term durability of antibody responses after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and influencing factors

Joseph E Ebinger  1 , Sandy Y Joung  1 , Minhao Wang  1 , Yunxian Liu  1 , John C Prostko  2 , Edwin C Frias  2 , James L Stewart  2 , Jonathan Braun  3 , Dermot P B McGovern  3 , Gil Y Melmed  3 , Stanley C Jordan  4 , Brian L Claggett  5 , Kimia Sobhani  6 , Susan Cheng  1
Affiliations

Long-term durability of antibody responses after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and influencing factors

Joseph E Ebinger et al. J Intern Med. 2023 Apr.
No abstract available

Keywords: COVID-19; antibody response; longitudinal analysis; organ transplant; vaccination.

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Conflict of interest statement

Potential Conflicts of Interest

JCP, ECF, and JLS work for Abbott Diagnostics, a company that performed the serological assays on the biospecimens that were collected for this study. GYM reports consulting fees from Abbvie, Arena, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Gilead, Janssen, Fresenius Kabi, Ferring, Merck, Pfizer, Prometheus Labs, Samsung Bioepis, Shionogi, Techlab, and Takeda; advisory or leadership roles with Bristol-Myers Squibb, Redhill Biopharma; and, royalties/licenses and patents planned, issued, or pending via Aytu Biosciences. KS has received speaking honoraria from Abbott Diagnostics and served as a consultant for Sapient Bioanalytics, a company that supported the collection and processing of samples for this study. The remaining authors have no relevant potential conflicts.

Figures

Figure.
Figure.. Cohort characteristics associated with longitudinal anti-spike IgG antibody response.
The distribution of cohort characteristics and their multivariable-adjusted associations with longitudinal anti-spike IgG antibody response following vaccination are shown in Panel A. The primary mixed-effects linear regression model accounts for individual-level repeated measures as random effects and is adjusted for all the characteristics shown in the table above in addition to the number of serology samples collected per participant, year of cohort enrollment, type of vaccine dose, and interactions between the additional vaccine dose number (i.e. 1st or 2nd booster) and the time between when the dose was given and the time of IgG-S measurement. In Panels B-E, the longitudinal anti-spike IgG antibody response, indexed from the date of initial vaccination with estimates and 95% confidence interval, is shown with adjustment for demographic, clinical, and COVID exposure factors and derived from the model shown in Panel A. Over the full ~2.2 year surveillance period, differences by sex (Panel B) and age (Panel C) were no longer apparent while differences by number of vaccine doses received (Panel D) and presence of immunocompromising conditions such solid organ transplant (Panel E) emerged as statistically significant. As shown in Panel D, following an initial vaccine regimen, the IgG-S response level was over 2252 AU/mL (320 BAU/mL) for over 90% of our overall study population at 10-14 weeks, and over 698 AU/mL (99 BAU/mL) at 22-26 weeks and over 304 AU/mL (43 BAU/mL) at 34-38 weeks; these values are well above the threshold for positivity set at 50 AU/mL (7.1 BAU/mL) for the assay used. Of note, the latter threshold is not specific to a measure of immunity, nor a correlate of protection; for reference, the approved “high-titer” convalescent plasma threshold is 1280 AU/mL (182 BAU/mL) for the same assay. In context, when compared to longitudinal IgG-S response range observed in the overall population after initial vaccination, 87% of the solid organ transplant recipients who received a 2nd booster vaccine dose were noted to have IgG-S values >2252 AU/mL at 10-14 weeks following their 2nd booster vaccine dose (i.e. similar in range to the overall population after initial vaccination).
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