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. 2023 Apr;30(4):492-501.
doi: 10.1089/cmb.2022.0390. Epub 2023 Jan 10.

Local Immunodeficiency: Combining Cross-Immunoreactivity Networks

Leonid Bunimovich  1 , Athulya Ram  1
Affiliations

Local Immunodeficiency: Combining Cross-Immunoreactivity Networks

Leonid Bunimovich et al. J Comput Biol. 2023 Apr.

Abstract

This article continues the analysis of the recently observed phenomenon of local immunodeficiency (LI), which arises as a result of antigenic cooperation among intrahost viruses organized into a network of cross-immunoreactivity (CR). We study here what happens as the result of combining (connecting) the simplest CR networks, which have a stable state of LI. It turned out that many possibilities occur, particularly resulting in a change of roles of some viruses in the CR network. Our results also give some indications about a boundary of the set of CR networks with stable state of LI in the entire collection of all possible CR networks. Such borderline CR networks are characterized by only a marginally stable (neutral rather than stable) state of the LI, or by the existence of such subnetworks in a CR network that evolve independently of each other (although being connected).

Keywords: altruistic viruses; cross-immunoreactivity; local immunodeficiency; persistent viruses.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare they have no conflicting financial interests.

Figures

FIG. 1.
FIG. 1.
Fixed points with persistent and altruistic viruses of two CRNs connected. CRNs, cross-immunoreactivity networks.
FIG. 2.
FIG. 2.
Only one persistent virus connected to the altruistic virus of the other network.
FIG. 3.
FIG. 3.
Persistent viruses of two CRNs connected to each other.
FIG. 4.
FIG. 4.
Persistent viruses of two CRNs connected to each other.
FIG. 5.
FIG. 5.
A basic network structure with two altruistic viruses and multiple persistent viruses.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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