Epidemiology, mortality and miss rate of acute aortic syndrome in Ontario, Canada: a population-based study
- PMID: 36627470
- DOI: 10.1007/s43678-022-00413-x
Epidemiology, mortality and miss rate of acute aortic syndrome in Ontario, Canada: a population-based study
Abstract
Introduction: Acute aortic syndrome (AAS) is a life-threatening emergency. It describes three distinct diagnoses: acute aortic dissection, acute intramural hematoma and penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer. There are currently no accurate estimates for incidence, mortality or misdiagnosis. Our objectives were to determine the incidence, mortality and miss rate of acute aortic syndrome in the emergency department (ED).
Methods: A population-based retrospective cohort study of anonymously linked data for residents of Ontario, Canada, was carried out. Incident cases of acute aortic syndrome were identified between 2003 and 2018 using a validated algorithm based on ICD-10 codes and death. Incidence (number of cases/population of Ontario), mortality, and miss rate were calculated. Miss rate was defined as when a patient was seen in the ED within 14 days prior to an acute aortic syndrome diagnosis with a presenting complaint consistent with acute aortic syndrome.
Results: There were 1299 cases of acute aortic syndrome over the study period [age mean (SD) 68.03 ± 14.70; female (n = 500, 38.5%); rural areas (n = 111, 8.6%)]. The overall annual incidence for acute aortic syndrome was 0.61 per 100,000. One year mortality decreased from 47.4 to 29.1%. ED mortality was 14.9%. In the 14 days prior to diagnosis 12.5% of patients were seen in the ED with a presentation consistent with acute aortic syndrome.
Conclusions: Annual incidence of acute aortic syndrome was found to be lower than other population-based studies. Also, the burden of mortality is seen in the ED. Education initiatives should focus on the identification of acute aortic syndrome in the ED to address mortality and miss rate.
RéSUMé: INTRODUCTION: Le syndrome aortique aigu (SAA) est une urgence qui met la vie en danger. Il décrit trois diagnostics distincts: dissection aortique aiguë, hématome intramural aigu et ulcère athéroscléreux pénétrant. Il n'existe actuellement aucune estimation précise de l'incidence, de la mortalité ou des diagnostics erronés. Nos objectifs étaient de déterminer l'incidence, la mortalité et le taux d'échec du syndrome aortique aigu dans le service des urgences (SU). MéTHODES: Une étude de cohorte rétrospective basée sur la population a été réalisée à partir de données liées anonymement pour les résidents de l'Ontario, Canada. Les cas incidents de syndrome aortique aigu ont été identifiés entre 2003-2018 à l'aide d'un algorithme validé basé sur les codes CIM-10 et les décès. L'incidence (nombre de cas/population de l'Ontario), la mortalité et le taux d'absence ont été calculés. Le taux d’omission a été défini comme le cas où un patient a été vu à l’urgence dans les 14 jours précédant un diagnostic de syndrome aortique aigu et que la plainte était conforme au syndrome aortique aigu. RéSULTATS: Il y a eu 1 299 cas de syndrome aortique aigu pendant la période d'étude (âge moyen (ET) 68,03 ±14,70 ; femmes (n = 500, 38,5 %) ; zones rurales (n = 111, 8,6%)). L'incidence annuelle globale du syndrome aortique aigu était de 0,61 pour 100 000. La mortalité à un an a diminué de 47,4 % à 29,1 %. La mortalité aux urgences était de 14,9 %. Au cours des 14 jours précédant le diagnostic, 12,5 % des patients ont été vus aux urgences avec une présentation compatible avec le syndrome aortique aigu. CONCLUSIONS: L'incidence annuelle de syndrome aortique aigu s'est avérée inférieure à celle d'autres études basées sur la population. En outre, le poids de la mortalité est observé aux urgences. Les initiatives de formation devraient se concentrer sur l'identification des syndrome aortique aigu aux urgences afin de réduire la mortalité et le taux d'échec.
Keywords: Acute aortic syndrome; Administrative data; Emergency medicine.
© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP)/ Association Canadienne de Médecine d'Urgence (ACMU).
Similar articles
-
Mortality and risk factors associated with misdiagnosis of acute aortic syndrome in Ontario, Canada: a population-based study.Emerg Med J. 2024 Feb 20;41(3):145-150. doi: 10.1136/emermed-2023-213331. Emerg Med J. 2024. PMID: 38253363
-
Population-Based Assessment of the Incidence of Aortic Dissection, Intramural Hematoma, and Penetrating Ulcer, and Its Associated Mortality From 1995 to 2015.Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2018 Aug;11(8):e004689. doi: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.118.004689. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2018. PMID: 30354376 Free PMC article.
-
Epidemiology and management of thoracic aortic dissections and thoracic aortic aneurysms in Ontario, Canada: A population-based study.J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2018 Jun;155(6):2254-2264.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.11.105. Epub 2018 Feb 27. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2018. PMID: 29499864
-
Acute Aortic Syndrome in Aotearoa New Zealand: What Does It Mean for Māori?Curr Probl Cardiol. 2023 May;48(5):101594. doi: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.101594. Epub 2023 Jan 18. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2023. PMID: 36681208 Review.
-
Acute Aortic Syndromes.Cardiol Clin. 2021 Nov;39(4):495-503. doi: 10.1016/j.ccl.2021.06.002. Cardiol Clin. 2021. PMID: 34686262 Review.
Cited by
-
Neurovascular Complications of Acute Aortic Syndrome.J Stroke. 2025 Jan;27(1):19-29. doi: 10.5853/jos.2024.02915. Epub 2025 Jan 31. J Stroke. 2025. PMID: 39916451 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Aortic dissection: A story of rural assessment, evacuation, and survival.Can Fam Physician. 2024 Jan;70(1):25-29. doi: 10.46747/cfp.700125. Can Fam Physician. 2024. PMID: 38262753 Free PMC article. No abstract available.
-
Acute aortic syndrome.BMJ. 2024 Sep 17;386:e080870. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2024-080870. BMJ. 2024. PMID: 39288946 Free PMC article. No abstract available.
References
-
- Vilacosta I, San Román JA, di Bartolomeo R, Eagle K, Estrera AL, Ferrera C, Kaji S, Nienaber CA, Riambau V, Schäfers H-J. Acute aortic syndrome revisited: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;78(21):2106–25. - DOI
-
- Pape LA, Awais M, Woznicki EM, Suzuki T, Trimarchi S, Evangelista A, Myrmel T, Larsen M, Harris KM, Greason K. Presentation, diagnosis, and outcomes of acute aortic dissection: 17-year trends from the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;66(4):350–8. - DOI
-
- Harris KM, Strauss CE, Eagle KA, Hirsch AT, Isselbacher EM, Tsai TT, Shiran H, Fattori R, Evangelista A, Cooper JV. Correlates of delayed recognition and treatment of acute type A aortic dissection the international registry of acute aortic dissection (IRAD). Circulation. 2011;124(18):1911–8. - DOI
-
- Chua M, Ibrahim I, Neo X, Sorokin V, Shen L, Ooi SB. Acute aortic dissection in the ED: risk factors and predictors for missed diagnosis. Am J Emerg Med. 2012;30(8):1622–6. - DOI
-
- Zhan S, Hong S, Shan-shan L, Chen-ling Y, Lai W, Dong-wei S, Chao-yang T, Xian-hong S, Chun-Sheng W. Misdiagnosis of aortic dissection: experience of 361 patients. J Clin Hypertens. 2012;14(4):256–60. - DOI
MeSH terms
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources