Critically ill infants with SARS-COV-2 delta variant infection

Abstract

Background: SARS-CoV-2 is described to cause mild to moderate symptoms in children. To date, clinical data and symptoms of the Delta variant in pediatric patients are lacking.

Aim: To describe clinical characteristics and outcomes of infants admitted in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) during the period of Delta variant predominance.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study, between June 23, 2021 and August 16, 2021. We included children aged under 15 years, admitted to PICU with severe and critical form of SARS-CoV-2 infection as confirmed by RT-PCR. We reviewed medical records for all patients.

Results: During the study period, 20 infants were included. The median age was 47 days (IQR: 26.5-77). The sex ratio was 0.8 (9 males). No underlying medical conditions were noted. Parents were not vaccinated. Respiratory involvement was the main feature to be observed in our cohort. Eleven patients had pediatric acute respiratory distress (PARDS) with a median oxygen saturation index (OSI) of 9 (IQR: 7-11). PARDS was mild in 4 cases, moderate in 5 cases and severe in 2 cases. Hemodynamic instability was observed in 4 cases. The main radiological finding was ground glass opacities in 11 cases. Seventeen patients were mechanically ventilated and 3 of them were escalated to high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. The median duration of mechanical ventilation was 6 days (IQR 2.5-12.5). The remaining patients were managed with high flow nasal cannula. Four patients died.

Conclusion: We report herein a case series of very young infants, with no comorbidities, and with a life-threatening illness due to SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; acute respiratory distress syndrome; delta variant; intensive care; mechanical ventilation.