Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Oct;30(7):2296-2317.
doi: 10.1177/10731911221143354. Epub 2023 Jan 11.

Examining Schizotypal Personality Scales Within and Across Interpersonal Circumplex Surfaces

A Esin Asan  1 , Aaron L Pincus  1
Affiliations

Examining Schizotypal Personality Scales Within and Across Interpersonal Circumplex Surfaces

A Esin Asan et al. Assessment. 2023 Oct.

Abstract

Differing perspectives on the operationalization of schizotypal personality pathology (STPP) have led to numerous multidimensional assessment measures. The current study applied the interpersonal construct validation approach to self-report data from 856 undergraduate students to formally examine the interpersonal content, similarities, and differences in the subscales of four measures of STPP within and across two interpersonal circumplex surfaces using a bootstrapping methodology for computing confidence intervals around circumplex structural summary method parameters. Results suggested that negative-like expressions of STPP are prototypically and distinctively interpersonal constructs associated with cold and socially avoidant interpersonal problems and hypersensitivity to others' warmth and affection. Positive-like expressions of STPP as assessed by two out of four measures were prototypically and distinctively interpersonal constructs associated with vindictiveness. Across four measures, there was notable overlap in interpersonal correlates among related subscales, suggesting convergent validity. However, subscales containing social anxiety content were associated with more submissive (i.e., socially avoidant) interpersonal problems than subscales without social anxiety content.

Keywords: bootstrapping; interpersonal circumplex; interpersonal construct validation; personality assessment; schizotypal personality disorder.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
The Interpersonal Problems (A) and Sensitivities (B) Circumplexes.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Illustration of the Cosine Curve Parameters Associated With the Structural Summary Method for Circumplex Data (Trucco et al., 2013).
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Amplitude and Angular Displacement CIs (SSM Plots) for Schizotypal Personality Pathology Subscales Across Interpersonal Problems (IIP-SC) and Sensitivities (ISC) Surfaces Note. Amplitude (radial) and angular displacement (angular) CIs for negative/interpersonal scales are depicted for negative/interpersonal schizotypy (A and C) and positive/cognitive-perceptual schizotypy (B and D) subscales and domains. Dashed lines indicate non-prototypical profiles (R2 < .70). SSM = structural summary method; IIP-SC = Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Short Circumplex; ISC = Interpersonal Sensitivities Circumplex; CI = confidence interval. Negative/interpersonal subscales: MSS_N = MSS Negative; SPQ_IP = SPQ Interpersonal; FFSI_E = FFSI Low Extraversion; FFSI_N = FFSI High Neuroticism; PID5_Det = PID-5 detachment; Positive/cognitive-perceptual subscales: MSS_P = MSS Positive; SPQ_CP = SPQ Cognitive-Perceptual; FFSI_A = FFSI Low Agreeableness; FFSI_O = FFSI High Openness; PID5_Psy = PID-5 psychoticism.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Amplitude (Radial) and Angular Displacement (Angular) Confidence Intervals for Negative/Interpersonal Schizotypal Personality Pathology Subscales Including SPQ-BRU Interpersonal and SPQ-BRU Social Anxiety on the IIP-SC Surface. Note. SPQ-BRU = Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief Revised Updated; IIP-SC = Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Short Circumplex; MSS_N = MSS Negative; SPQ_IPwoutSA = SPQ-BRU Interpersonal; SPQ_SA = SPQ-BRU Social Anxiety; FFSI_E = FFSI Low Extraversion; FFSI_N = FFSI High Neuroticism; PID5_Det = PID-5 detachment.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Alden L. E., Wiggins J. S., Pincus A. L. (1990). Construction of circumplex scales for the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems. Journal of Personality Assessment, 55(3–4), 521–536. 10.1207/s15327752jpa5503&4_10 - DOI - PubMed
    1. American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed., Rev.).
    1. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing. 10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 - DOI
    1. Bakan D. (1966). The duality of human existence: Isolation and affiliation in Western man. Beacon Press.
    1. Cain N. M., Panfilis C. D., Meehan K. B., Clarkin J. F. (2017). A multisurface interpersonal circumplex assessment of rejection sensitivity. Journal of Personality Assessment, 99(1), 35–45. 10.1080/00223891.2016.1186032 - DOI - PubMed