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. 2023 Feb;12(2):623-636.
doi: 10.1007/s40121-022-00756-z. Epub 2023 Jan 12.

Colonisation with Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Enterobacterales and Infection Risk in Surgical Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Elda Righi  1 , Luigia Scudeller  2 , Massimo Mirandola  3 , Alessandro Visentin  3 , Nico T Mutters  4 , Marco Meroi  3 , Anna Schwabe  4 , Anna Erbogasto  3 , Gianluca Vantini  5 , Elizabeth L A Cross  6 , Maddalena Giannella  7 , Xavier Guirao  8 , Evelina Tacconelli  3
Affiliations

Colonisation with Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Enterobacterales and Infection Risk in Surgical Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Elda Righi et al. Infect Dis Ther. 2023 Feb.

Abstract

Introduction: Limited evidence has been reported for surgical site infections (SSIs) in patients undergoing surgery who are carriers of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCR-E). A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the risk of postoperative infections in adult inpatients colonised with ESCR-E before surgery.

Methods: The Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched between January 2011 and April 2022, following PRISMA indications. Random effects meta-analysis was used to quantify the association between ESCR-E colonisation and infection.

Results: Among the 467 articles reviewed, 9 observational studies encompassing 7219 adult patients undergoing surgery were included. The ESCR-E colonisation rate was 13.7% (95% CI 7.7-19.7). The most commonly reported surgeries included abdominal surgery (44%) and liver transplantation (LT; 33%). The SSI rate was 23.2% (95% CI 13.2-33.1). Pooled incidence risk was 0.36 (95% CI 0.22-0.50) vs 0.13 (95% CI 0.02-0.24) for any postoperative infection and 0.28 (95% CI 0.18-0.38) vs 0.17 (95% CI 0.07-0.26) for SSIs in ESCR-E carriers vs noncarriers, respectively. In ESCR-E carriers, the ESCR-E infection ratio was 7 times higher than noncarriers. Postoperative infection risk was higher in carriers versus noncarriers following LT. Sources of detected heterogeneity between studies included ESCR-E colonisation and the geographic region of origin.

Conclusions: Patients colonised with ESCR-E before surgery had increased incidence rates of post-surgical infections and SSIs compared to noncarriers. Our results suggest considering the implementation of pre-surgical screening for detecting ESCR-E colonisation status according to the type of surgery and the local epidemiology.

Keywords: Extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCR-E); Meta-analysis; Postoperative infections; Rectal colonisation; Surgical site infections.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Rectal colonisation rates by extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCR-E) in different geographic regions
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Forest plot of the included studies according to postoperative infection risk in extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCR-E)-colonised and -noncolonised surgical patients. CI confidence interval
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Forest plot of the included studies according to surgical site infection (SSI) infection risk in extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCR-E)-colonised and -noncolonised surgical patients. CI confidence interval
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Forest plot of the included studies according to the postoperative risk of infections due to ESCR-E among ESCR-E carriers and noncarriers
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
A Subgroup analysis including abdominal and liver transplant surgery. CI confidence interval. B Subgroup analysis including only studies performed in patients receiving liver transplant surgery. CI confidence interval. C Subgroup analysis that only included non-SSIs
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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