Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Jan 12;13(1):617.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-27837-4.

Closer view of antennal sensory organs of two Leptoglossus species (Insecta, Hemiptera, Coreidae)

Artur Taszakowski  1 , Adrian Masłowski  2 , Kent M Daane  3 , Jolanta Brożek  2
Affiliations

Closer view of antennal sensory organs of two Leptoglossus species (Insecta, Hemiptera, Coreidae)

Artur Taszakowski et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Detailed description of antennal sensory organs of Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae) and a comparison with L. zonatus (Dallas, 1852) are presented. A novel approach that combines the advantages of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to detail micromorphological structures. A simplified classification system for sensilla that eliminates the subjective aspects of morphology, such as their shape, is proposed. Fourteen sensory organs have been classified into three main groups: (a) aporous sensilla with a flexible socket, (b) porous sensilla with a flexible socket and (c) porous sensilla with an inflexible socket. A large variety of sensory organs (nine types) with olfactory functions are described. The antennal sensory organs have been recognized as one of the factors responsible for the evolutionary success of Leptoglossus spp. and their status as important pests and invasive species.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Dorsal habitus of examined species: L. occidentalis (a) and L. zonatus (b).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Antennae of examined species in light microscopy and SEM: L. occidentalis (a, b) and L. zonatus (c, d).
Figure 3
Figure 3
The particular antennomeres of L. occidentalis (a, c, e, g) and L. zonatus (b, d, f, h); scape (a, b), pedicel (c, d), basiflagellum (e, f), distiflagellum (g, h).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Morphology of selected parts of antennae analyzed in SEM: L. zonatus, the base of scape (a); L. occidentalis, the base of scape (b) and area with campaniform sensilla—A4 at higher magnification (c); L. zonatus, the surface of scape (d), as before, at higher magnification (e); L. occidentalis, connection of the scape and the pedicel (f); L. zonatus, sensilla of the pedicel (g); L. zonatus, connection of the pedicel and the basiflagellum with intercalary segment (h); L. zonatus, the surface of distiflagellum (i), as before, at higher magnification (j,k); L. occidentalis, the apex of distiflagellum (l).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Micromorphology of selected types of sensilla (L. occidentalis) analysed in SEM. Type A1 (a); A2 (b); mic. (c); A4 (d); M3 (e); M2 (f,g); M4 (h); M5 (i). Abbreviations are given in the text.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Micromorphology of selected types of sensilla (L. occidentalis) analyzed in SEM. Type M6 (a–c); M7 (d); M8 (e,f); M9 (g); A5 (h,i); M1 (j,k); A3 (l). Abbreviations are given in the text.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Micromorphology of selected types of sensilla (L. occidentalis) analyzed in AFM. Type A3: 2D view (a), 3D view (b) and surface profile (c); M5: 2D (d), 3D view (e) and surface profile (f); mic.: 2D (g), 3D view (h) and surface profile (i). Abbreviations are given in the text.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Detailed analysis of sensillum type M5 (L. occidentalis) in AFM: the surface of sensillum before (a,b) and after subtracting the sample curvature (c,d); profile of single pore (e).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Henry TJ. Biodiversity of heteroptera. In: Foottit RG, Adler PH, editors. Insect Biodiversity: Science and Society. Wiley; 2017. pp. 279–335.
    1. Schuh, R. T. & Weirauch, C. True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): Classification and Natural History, 2nd ed. Siri Scientific Press Monograph Series, vol. 8, (2020).
    1. Guérin-Méneville, F. É. 2 Crustaces, Arachnides et Insectes. In Voyage autour du monde, exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la corvette de Sa Majesté "La Coquille", pendant les années 1822–1825 (ed. Duperrey, L. I.) Zoologie Bertrand, Paris. i-xii, 1–319 (1831).
    1. Leston D, Pendergrast JG, Southwood TRE. Classification of the terrestrial Heteroptera (Geocorisae) Nature. 1954;174(4419):91–92. doi: 10.1038/174091b0. - DOI
    1. Leach WE. Entomology. In: Brewster D, editor. The Edinburgh Encyclopaedia. Blackwood; 1815. pp. 57–172.