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Observational Study
. 2023 Nov 3;188(11-12):289-291.
doi: 10.1093/milmed/usac436.

Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness and Test-Negative Study Design Within the Department of Defense

David R Sayers  1 , John K Iskander  2
Affiliations
Observational Study

Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness and Test-Negative Study Design Within the Department of Defense

David R Sayers et al. Mil Med. .

Abstract

Test-negative observational studies are routinely used to assess vaccine effectiveness. This test method consistently shows lower annual vaccine effectiveness in the highly vaccinated U.S. military compared to the general population. Incorporating other test designs and broader impact measures may better estimate influenza vaccine benefits in highly vaccinated groups.

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