Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Nov;13(Suppl 1):S21-S25.
doi: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_116_22. Epub 2022 Nov 30.

Salivary oxidative stress level among tobacco chewers and smokers: A comparative Study

Arthi Balasubramaniam  1 , Meignana Indiran Arumugham  1
Affiliations

Salivary oxidative stress level among tobacco chewers and smokers: A comparative Study

Arthi Balasubramaniam et al. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2022 Nov.

Abstract

Tobacco contains various toxic contents which produce oxygen-free radicals that damage oral tissues. Since saliva encounters tobacco, it has antioxidant defense system and also can serve as a biomarker for oral diseases. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate salivary oxidative stress levels among smokers and chewers. Unstimulated saliva from 240 males who visited tobacco cessation clinic for the first time was collected. Standard protocol was followed to collect saliva and assess salivary antioxidant levels from 80 participants with the habit of smoking, smokeless, and both (smoking and smokeless) tobacco users. The collected data were statistically analyzed. The mean salivary superoxide dismutase and malonyldialdehyde levels were significantly high for participants with both habits (P < 0.000). There was a significant high reduction of glutathione peroxidase and catalase in participants with both habits (P < 0.000). Both smoking and smokeless tobacco modify salivary antioxidant activity. The estimation of salivary oxidative stress can serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for oral tissue damage and dysplasia. Furthermore, they can function as early biomarkers in preventing dysplastic changes in the oral cavity.

Keywords: Antioxidant stress; catalase; malonyldialdehyde; saliva; smokers; tobacco chewers.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Production of reactive oxygen species and its effect
Figure 2
Figure 2
Mean level of SOD and MDA levels among the study participants. SOD: Superoxide dismutase. MDA: Malonyldialdehyde
Figure 3
Figure 3
Mean level of GSH-Px and CAT levels among the study participants. GSH-Px: Glutathione peroxidase, CAT: Catalase
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. WHO |Tobacco Control in India. WHO. World Health Organization. [Last accessed on 2020 May 05]. Available from: http://www.who.int/tobacco/about/partners/bloomberg/ind/en/
    1. John RM, Sinha P, Munish VG, Tullu FT. Economic costs of diseases and deaths attributable to tobacco use in India 2017-2018. Nicotine Tob Res. 2021;23:294–301. - PubMed
    1. Sinha DN, Palipudi KM, Gupta PC, Singhal S, Ramasundarahettige C, Jha P, et al. Smokeless tobacco use: A meta-analysis of risk and attributable mortality estimates for India. Indian J Cancer. 2014;51(Suppl 1):S73–7. - PubMed
    1. Talhout R, Schulz T, Florek E, Benthem JV, Wester P, Opperhuizen A. Hazardous compounds in tobacco smoke. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2011;8:613–28. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Picciotto MR, Kenny PJ. Mechanisms of nicotine addiction. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2021;11:a039610. - PMC - PubMed