Total Intracorporeal Versus Open Bladder Cuffing in Robotic Radical Nephroureterectomy for Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate a single institution experience of total intracorporeal bladder cuffing and distal ureterectomy (DUBC) in robotic radical nephrouretectomy (RNU) for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).

Materials and methods: One hundred sixty-eight patients treated for UTUC with robotic RNU at our institution from May 2009 to October 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Ninety-two patients underwent total intracorporeal DUBC after robotic dock repositioning, whereas 76 patients underwent open methods via Gibson incision. Perioperative outcomes including operation time, estimated blood loss (EBL), transfusion rates, use of painkillers, Visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores, and complication rates were compared, as well as pathological and oncological outcomes. Uni- and multi-variate Cox regression models were performed for survival analysis.

Results: There were no significant differences in baseline patient characteristics between the 2 groups. Patients who underwent intracorporeal bladder cuffing had less EBL (169.8 ± 150.4 vs 214.6 ± 157.0, P = .091) and decreased pain at 1 week (VAS score 1.18 ± 1.1 vs 2.2 ± 1.1, P = .017). Pathological outcomes were not significantly different, and oncological outcomes including local and intravesical recurrence, cancer-specific and overall mortality were comparable to patients who received extracorporeal bladder cuffing. Intracorporeal bladder cuffing was not associated with increased risk of progression on univariate analysis (HR 0.600, 95% CI, 0.314-1.147; P = .122).

Conclusion: Based on our experience, intracorporeal DUBC can be a safe and oncologically non-inferior alternative method to RNU, with benefits of decreased EBL and postoperative pain. Future prospective trials are necessary to further validate our results.